Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Comparison - 1160 Words

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Comparison When a business decides to venture internationally into different countries with its products, services, and operations, it is very important that the company gains an understanding of how the culture of the different societies affects the values found in those societies. Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most famous and most used studies on how culture relates to values. Hofstede study enabled him to compare dimensions of culture across 40 countries. He originally isolated four dimensions of what he claimed summarized different cultures — power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, and masculinity versus femininity (Hill, 2013, p.110). To cover aspects of values not discussed in the original paradigm Hofstede has since added two more dimensions — Confucianism or long-term orientation and indulgence versus self-restraint (Hofstede, n.d.). Because of the way Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are given an index score from 0-100, it is e asy for a company to get a general comparison between the cultures they are expanding into and the culture they are already in. United States versus France For example, if a company based in the United States were going to expand into France, the company could use Hofstede’s 6 cultural dimensions to get a general look at the differences between the two. Then out of those differences, the company could see what approaches may or may not work, or what they may need to change,Show MoreRelatedCultural Frameworks Of Culture Differences1648 Words   |  7 Pages Therefore, it implies that people from different cultural backgrounds could have distinct behaviours and reactions even in the same situation. Thus, understanding the culture differences may be critical for conducting effective and efficient communications in multinational business management. Investigating into the potential influences of culture differences, this essay will discuss Hofstede’s cultural frameworks, with contrasts and comparisons with other frameworks; analysing the scores obtainedRead MoreThe Light Of Cultural Distance1197 Words   |  5 PagesIn the l ight of cultural distance, several models that had been acknowledged used to analyse cultural variations in terms of many aspects (Mooij Hofstede 2010). Similarly, cultural consequences could be beneficial for the global marketing in any business and can help to decide which advertising strategy is more relevant to adapt (Mooij Hofstede 2010). Hofstede model was the pioneer that distinguishes the culture into categories and became the most common have used among scholar and practitionersRead MoreCross Cultural Management Between China And Australia1498 Words   |  6 Pagesexamines Hofstede’s cultural framework and suggests that Hofstede’s cultural framework is an outstanding and authoritative tool to analyze culture differences. In this essay, cultural frameworks will be discussed firstly, following by a discussion of my cultural scores and background. Finally, recommendations on cross-cultural management between China and Australia will be provided. Discussion of cultural frameworks Geert Hofstede developed the widely applied Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, whichRead MoreHofstedes Dimensions Of The Organizational Culture702 Words   |  3 PagesKennedy, 1982). Dimensions of the Organizational Culture Although there were many dimensions of organizational culture, two major ones that have been widely recognized are Hofstede (1980) and Schein’s (1985). These dimensions of organizational culture are a useful way of comparing the basic properties of organizational culture in general. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions This study has adopted Hofstede’s and its dimensions of culture due to the following reasons: (i) Hofstede’s dimensions have been oneRead MoreThe Collective Programming Of The Mind1520 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate. Nevertheless, cross-cultural research brought a great deal of improvements into business and managerial studies. â€Å"Nationality and culture tend to coincide† (Hofstede, 1983), despite the fact that nations envelop a wide range of subcultures, beliefs, religions and code of conducts, in order to illustrate a country’s cultural mapping, numerous studies focused on making national generalizations in order to define and mea sure culture researches in the field of cross-cultural studies with the aim ofRead MoreCultural Dimensions Of Brazil And China1501 Words   |  7 Pages GCIM International Business and Management Assignment 1 Cultural Dimensions of Brazil and China Nouran AlSahhaf @00413902 â€Æ' Table of Contents Executive summery†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Cultural Dimensions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Power Distance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Power Distance in China†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦................................................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Power Distance in Brazil †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Uncertainty Avoidance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Uncertainty Avoidance in China†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCase Study : Brown Casual Shoes Inc.1320 Words   |  6 Pagescompany members travelled to Shanghai to negotiate the business proposal and experienced some cultural and communication issues that could potentially affect the business deal. This report will analyse these issues within the context of intercultural issues, intercultural verbal communication issues and intercultural nonverbal communication issues; provide a literature review of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions model; explain five key issues using academic models; and finally provide recommendations forRead MoreCultural Differences Of The Workplace1046 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Differences in the Workplace Anyone who has traveled to a foreign country can tell you stories about traditions or cultural differences that are not familiar to them. By understanding these cultural differences in the work environment, leaders can get the most out a diverse workforce and be better equipped to compete in today’s global economy. To show how this can be done an overview of the research done by Professor Geert Hofstede will be discussed, followed by the examination of the differencesRead MoreHofstede s Five Dimensions : Cultural Differences Between Saudi Arabia And Australia879 Words   |  4 PagesFive Dimensions Hofstede’s five dimensions will help us compare cultural differences between Saudi Arabia and Australia relate to leadership. After a decade of research and thousands of interviews emerged Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, a model of cultural dimensions that have become an internationally recognized standard (Mind Tools, n.d, para. 5). These two very different cultures separated by miles and miles of ocean, share some surprising similar dimensions. Using Hofstede’s Cultural DimensionsRead MoreGeert Hofstedes Five Dimensions of National Culture - Australia1176 Words   |  5 PagesIslander peoples, the country’s original inhabitants, created the foundation for the land’s cultural traditions over 40,000 years ago. In addition, the rest of Australia’s people are migrants or descendants of migrants from various other countries who transported their own customs, beliefs, and value systems to the land. As a result, Australia’s culture h as significantly broadened its social and cultural profile over the years, and still continues to evolve today. A key component of Australian

Lululemon Case Essay examples - 8018 Words

Confirming Pages CASE 6 lululemon athletica, Inc. Arthur A. Thompson The University of Alabama I n early 2012, investor interest in lululemon athletica— a designer and retailer of high-end, yoga-inspired athletic apparel under the lululemon athletica and ivivva athletica brand names—was surging. Over the past 30 months, growing numbers of female shoppers were patronizing the company’s stores to pay premium prices for lululemon-branded items that offered performance, fit, and comfort and were stylish as well. The company’s functional and stylish apparel had taken on â€Å"must have† status among growing numbers of fitnessconscious women. People were flocking to lululemon stores not only because of the fashionable products but also because†¦show more content†¦Wilson also saw the company’s mission as one of providing people with the components to live a longer, healthier, and more fun life. Several new stores were opened in the Vancouver area, with operations conducted through a Canadian operating company, initially named Lululemon Athletica, Inc. and later renamed lululemon canada inc. In 2002, the company expanded into the United States and formed a sibling operating company, Lululemon Athletica USA Inc. (later renamed as lululemon usa, inc), to conduct its U.S. operations. Both operating companies were wholly owned by affiliates of Chip Wilson. In 2004, the company opened a franchised store in Australia as a means of more quickly disseminating the lululemon athletica brand name, conserving on capital expenditures for store expansion, and boosting revenues and profits. The company wound up its fiscal year ending January 31, 2005 with 14 company-owned stores, 1 franchised store, and net revenues of $40.7 million. A second franchised store was opened in Japan later in 2005. Franchisees paid lululemon a one-time franchise fee and an ongoing royalty based on a specified percentage of net revenues; lululemon supplied franchised stores with garments at a discount to the suggested retail price. Five years after opening the first retail store, it wasShow MoreRelatedLululemon Case Study1306 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1 Case Study Lululemon 1. Considering the five forces of competition and how they direct the profit potential for a given industry, discuss how the forces help explain Lululemon’s performance. 2. The resource-based model assumes that each organization is a collection of resources and capabilities, which provide the basis for a firm‘s strategy and its primary source of above-average returns. Use this this model to outline Lululemon‘s core competencies and how their capabilitiesRead MoreLululemon Case Study2260 Words   |  10 PagesAssignment for Course: MGT 5090 – Entrepreneurial and Strategic Thinking Submitted to: Dr. Regina A. Greenwood Submitted by: Anais Carrasco Date of Submission: May 30th, 2013 Title of Assignment: CASE 4 – Lululemon Athletica Inc. CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledge and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I usedRead MoreLululemon Case Study1609 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study- lululemon Ethics and Social Responsibility Executive Summary Founded in 1998, lululemon has become an extremely successful company. Over the last 12 years of operation, its mission is to improve health, make a difference in all the communities it is located in, and provide guests with quality products to help them live healthy lives. Currently, lululemon still strives to make a difference in each community through the Community Legacies Program. Plans for expansion are also in effectRead MoreLululemon Case Study1094 Words   |  5 Pagesfood chains, which appeal to the youth, such as Chipotle and offer take-out delivery. Personally, I see Amazon capturing the food delivery service in the near future. However, some analysts such as Derrick, believe Amazon’s next step is to acquire Lululemon. All of this suggestion is highly probable. In the next century, it would not be surprising to see if Amazon was able to compete for all of these suggestions. Costco Costco’s channel management is certainly one of the reasons why the organizationRead MoreLululemon Case Study Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesLULULEMON CASE STUDY FEBURARY 9, 2013 Question # 1 SWOT Strengths: niche market leader, product technology, customer focused, quality, innovation, brand, corporate social responsibility, and sustainability Weaknesses: perceived female focus, Local centricity, price point, inventory, perceived as yoga only, distribution, and access to stores Opportunities: Product diversification, line expansion, accessories, leveraging perceived expertise, category leader, and expert Threats: BuyoutRead MoreLululemon Case Analysis Essay4336 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ Lululemon Athletica, Inc. Created by: Kelsey Davis GBA 490-901 March 21, 2014 Table of Contents Executive Summary To: Laurent Potdiven Chief Executive Officer Lululemon Athletica Inc. This report has been created with the intent to analyze the athletic apparel industry with a specific focus on Lululemon Athletica, Inc., further refered to as Lululemon. In this report you will find that the strengths and weaknesses of Lululemon’s current strategies and future goals areRead MoreLululemon Athletica Inc. Case Analysis1506 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper commences by defining the problems that were faced by Lululemon Athletica Inc in 2013. After, the author explores the causes of the issues that the company was experiencing and the effects that they had on Lululemon Athletica Inc. The next step is to look at ways in which the issues could have been addressed both for the short-term and long-term. When all is said and done, the audience will fully appreciate why â€Å"Lululemon Athletica Inc should revert to its fundamentals – that is, to concentrateRead MoreLululemon Case Study Essay example780 Words   |  4 Pageslevels increase, and also, the intro duction of women-oriented gyms has also increased the customer base by encouraging more women to partake in fitness. Moreover, the technologies of designing and manufactured apparel have been constantly improved. Lululemon`s fastest wicking fabric is primarily used in running gear for women and men which the moisture wicking is inherent in the fabric so will last for the life of the garment. The analysis from porter`s five forces shows: Rivalry between establishedRead MoreLULULEMON Ethical BehaviourSocial Responsibility1467 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ETHICAL BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY lululemon athletica There are many ways to measure the success of a business. A financial analysis of lululemon athletica, a Vancouver-based company, would show that it is valued at more than $220 million. Would looking at an improved level of health in its community be another way to measure the success of this company? lululemon athletica founder Chip Wilson would welcome your investigation of the improved health and well-being of people in the communitiesRead MoreLululemon Athletica Analytic Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesCase Analysis #1 Problem Essay Lululemon Athletica Inc Samuel Ellison Presented for: Professor Kannangara Sunday, March 6th, 2016 BUSI4003 Introduction Lululemon Athletica Inc., founded in 1998 in Vancouver by Chip Wilson, is a company which designs and produces high-end yoga and technical athletic clothing. They have operated primarily in North America and Australia; their initial target customer was an educated woman who lives an active and healthy lifestyle. They opened their first

A Brief Evaluation of A Law Enforcement Stress Website Free Essays

Research method has come a long way as technology zooms forward to the cyber-space era.   From the pulp pages of the hard-bound books in the library, comes the digitally encrypted data compressed into what we call cyberspace. With just the click of the mouse button, one can access information readily available through the internet. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief Evaluation of A Law Enforcement Stress Website or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Search engines like yahoo and Google made researching faster since it presents  hundreds of related topics of the subject being researched online. There is no need to go to the library just to borrow three books at a time.   The listings searched in the search engine tool are websites developed by programmers and the content can be reliable or not.   The important point of researching online is convenience and wide array of resources will always be made available. A Brief Evaluation of A Law Enforcement Stress Website There are a lot of websites that can aid researchers about law enforcement stress, but only a few can actually give full details on the subject based from the US government.   Upon searching the topic about law enforcement stress using the Google search engine, one can come across a title from the National Institute of Justice that when you click on it, it opens an Adobe Acrobat file  and shows the full text of a published book written by Peter Finn and Julie Esselman Tomz. It contains fourteen chapters tackling the subject starting from its definition and how was the program formulated, until aiding the researchers  to other resources related to this subject. This book is not only about law enforcement stress for officers, but it is about the program development of stress programs for officers and their families too.   This is a very handy compilation of the program by the US government that is easily accessed through the internet and compiled into a readable .PDF file so the book can be  downloaded  and printed for reference.   It provides illustrations and forms needed for this program in its appendices. This is government material that’s why  everybody  can access it without the need to go to the local library and saves researchers time and money.   For those who are researching about this topic, this is a one-stop shop where all related information is available, because endnotes are provided aside from the appendices. For those looking for newer updates, they cannot rely on this however, because this provides the 1996 sources and research data.   One has to go to other websites to look for the latest research and evaluation done about this program though. The leads and contact information included in this book can still provide details that can guide the researchers for the latest updates about this program.   This website is a highly recommended legal source of information about the law enforcement stress program. References Finn, P., Tomz, J. E.   December 1996.   Developing a Law Enforcement Stress Program For Officers and Their Families.   Department of Justice.   August 21, 2008. [http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/163175.pdf].    How to cite A Brief Evaluation of A Law Enforcement Stress Website, Essays

Effect of Price Elasticity on Demand-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Discuss how Price of a Product directly affects its Demand. 2.Discuss about the Absolute advantage and Comparative advantage theories. Answers: 1.Price of a product directly affects its demand. The extent of this effect is captured by price elasticity of demand. Change in demand proportion due to change in price is defined as price elasticity of demand. Therefore, the information of demand elasticity guides the producer to determine price of the concerned product. Producers involve in production activity with a profit motive. Revenue, which is the product of price and quantity, depends on demand elasticity. The elasticity affects differently to a producer operating in competitive market and those operating in imperfect competitive market. In case, the producer sells the product in competitive market setting a high price highly reduces demand for the product because of availability of close substitute (Mankiw, 2014).. On the other hand, monopolist seller benefitted from charging high price for product having low elasticity. Elasticity also differs depending on classification of the product. Products counted as necessary product are inelastic in nature. Therefore, changing price does not affect revenue and profitability. Luxury items are highly elastic nature. Hence, policy of a price decrease benefits the producers by a greater proportionate increase in sales volume. In a linear demand curve, there is portion where demand is elastic, inelastic and unit elastic. If the demand for the product is elastic then total revenue decreases with increase in output volume. In case of inelastic demand, revenue moves in line with output. That is if output decreases then revenue also decreases (Esteves Reggiani, 2014). For unit elastic demand no change in total revenue is realized even when output changes. 2.In international trade, two important theories are absolute advantage and comparative advantage theories. Adam Smith pioneers the first one while David Ricardo pioneered the second. Before the evaluation of comparative advantage, countries specialized depending on their absolute advantages. Absolute advantage measures productive efficiency. Between two countries, the country that can produce more goods using fewer amounts of resources in absolute term is said to have absolute advantage in that good. While comparative advantage is determined by considering the amount of goods, have to be sacrificed to produce one good. Greater the amount of sacrificed good greater is the opportunity cost (Gilpin, 2016). In comparative advantage theory, country specializes in good in which it has a lower opportunity cost. Productive resources are more important in absolute advantage while opportunity cost is important in comparative advantage theory. Comparative advantage illustrates the capacity of one country to produce one good in an efficient way than other. It usually compares countries production output for similar kind of goods or services. A country has absolute advantage if it is able to produce greater amount of goods and services when same resources are made available to them Comparative advantage takes into consideration overall level of production of a country in given time as contrast to absolute advantage (Hanson, Lind Muendler, 2015). Absolute advantage can capture output of multiple goods but not overall production. Unlike absolute advantage notion of mutual benefit is involved in comparative advantage. Because of a detailed analysis of ability of nations, comparative advantage is a more acceptable theory in international trade. References Esteves, R. B., Reggiani, C. (2014). Elasticity of demand and behaviour-based price discrimination.International Journal of Industrial Organization,32, 46-56. Gilpin, R. (2016).The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press. Hanson, G. H., Lind, N., Muendler, M. A. (2015).The dynamics of comparative advantage(No. w21753). National bureau of economic research. Mankiw, N. G. (2014).Essentials of economics. Cengage learning.

Code Of Conduct Essays - Jani, Idomeni, , Term Papers

Code Of Conduct Code of Conduct is Kristine Smith's debut novel. Mixing adventure and politics, Smith tells the story of Jani Killian, a former soldier who has lived incognito for nearly twenty years since shooting her commanding officer when he tried to enforce an illegal order. While many believe Jani was killed in a fiery crash shortly after that incident, portions of the Commonwealth's government believes she may still be alive. The alien idomeni, in whose culture Jani was a specialist, also believe she may still be active. As the novel opens, the Commonwealth Interior Minister, Evan van Richter, a former lover and comrade in arms, manages to find Jani and offer her protection if she'll help him discover the truth behind his wife's recent death. Skeptical at first, Jani agrees to leave her haven on the world Whalen and travel to the capital of the Commonwealth, Chicago, where she becomes involved in the intricate politics within the government as well as with the idomeni ambassador, Jani's former mentor among the aliens. The politics surrounding Lyssa van Richter's death are Byzantine, made more so when Jani's research begins to indicate that the crash which almost killed her nearly two decades earlier may have been linked to the death she's currently examining. While doing her research, Jani must carefully guard her identity, especially when she is kidnapped by a rival minister who is intent on destroying van Richter and capturing the Jani Killian who possibly died in the crash. Code of Conduct is clearly a first novel and shows the potential Smith has to become a major author. The plot is complex, but Smith manages to keep the various threads orderly. Most impressive of all are the ideas which are touched upon but not fully explored, leaving Smith plenty of material for future works.

Free Essays on English Bill Of RIghts

English Bill of Rights The English Bill of Rights set out strict limits on the Royal Family's legal privileges. It strictly prohibited the arbitrary suspension of Parliament's laws. More importantly, it limited the right to raise money through taxation to Parliament. The English elite had greatly offended the protestant Church of England when they began promoting the Roman Catholic religion, in spite of laws that Parliament had passed. Soon after William of Orange and his wife Mary were crowned King and Queen of England. (Mary was actually the daughter of the deposed King James II) in Westminster Abbey on April 11, 1689. As part of their oaths, the new King William III and Queen Mary were required to swear that they would obey the laws of Parliament. The Bill was completely passed through Parliament after the coronation ceremony for William and Mary. On December 16, 1689, the King and Queen gave it Royal Assent, which represented the end of the concept of divine right of kings. The Bill of Rights was designed to control the power of kings and queens. Another key factor was to make them subject to laws passed by Parliament. This has formally been called the "bloodless revolution" or the "glorious revolution." The Bill of Rights was one of three very important laws made at this time. The other two were the 1689 Toleration Act (which promoted religious toleration) and the 1694 Triennial Act, which prevented the King from dissolving Parliament at his will and held that general elections had to be held every three years... Free Essays on English Bill Of RIghts Free Essays on English Bill Of RIghts English Bill of Rights The English Bill of Rights set out strict limits on the Royal Family's legal privileges. It strictly prohibited the arbitrary suspension of Parliament's laws. More importantly, it limited the right to raise money through taxation to Parliament. The English elite had greatly offended the protestant Church of England when they began promoting the Roman Catholic religion, in spite of laws that Parliament had passed. Soon after William of Orange and his wife Mary were crowned King and Queen of England. (Mary was actually the daughter of the deposed King James II) in Westminster Abbey on April 11, 1689. As part of their oaths, the new King William III and Queen Mary were required to swear that they would obey the laws of Parliament. The Bill was completely passed through Parliament after the coronation ceremony for William and Mary. On December 16, 1689, the King and Queen gave it Royal Assent, which represented the end of the concept of divine right of kings. The Bill of Rights was designed to control the power of kings and queens. Another key factor was to make them subject to laws passed by Parliament. This has formally been called the "bloodless revolution" or the "glorious revolution." The Bill of Rights was one of three very important laws made at this time. The other two were the 1689 Toleration Act (which promoted religious toleration) and the 1694 Triennial Act, which prevented the King from dissolving Parliament at his will and held that general elections had to be held every three years...

We Make Widgets Inc. Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

We Make Widgets Inc. Case Study - Essay Example Thus by applying various concepts of organizational behavior and psychology, we have dissected the problem each individual is facing and devised a solution to help each professional overcome the problems. The paper also provides a proactive solution for the organization to avoid any such issues with other employees. The proactive solution devises the formation of a new department known as the personal counseling department. Last but not the least, the paper provides basic input on how an employee can create a balance between their personal life and their work life. Hence this paper is not only the dissection of the given case but also a matter of consideration for every organization as any organization can face such issues. Analysis and Questions for the 3 Executives at â€Å"We Make Widgets Inc† Before devising a set of questions for each executive it is important to analyze the characteristics of the individual and other facts related to the executive given in the case. Belo w we will develop a separate fact analysis and a set of questions for each individual. Fact Analysis for CEO Maria Visionaria As per the information given in the case, the leadership style of Maria is inspiring thus leading us to the analysis that Maria Visionaria is depicted to be a kind of charismatic leader by her employees. Another fact states that Maria has been working continuously without taking a break or a vacation. This helps us analyze the fact that Maria’s devotion to her work has transformed her into a workaholic which has led to deterioration of Maria’s physical and mental health. On the face of it, it might sound a simple statement but we have to dig in deep into the causes of stress which will help us develop a set of Questions for Maria. Set of Questions for CEO Maria Visonaria As per fact analysis it is best to address Maria with Personal Questions relating to family, friends and personal relationships and situational questions i.e. how she would reac t under a set of different circumstances. Fact Analysis for COO Mujibar Delhi As per the case information, Mujibar is also an effective leader for the company but is currently suffering from a state of emotional imbalance. His mind is currently suffering from internal conflicts as he has to choose between his priorities and priorities of his family. Another thing important to note here is that Mujibar is suffering from â€Å"forgetfulness†. This might be due to high level of stress but requires investigation as it can be something more than that. Hence for Mujibar we have to create a three dimensional question set. Set of Questions for COO Mujibar Delhi It is advisable to address Mujibar Delhi with questions related to his current happenings to get to the reason of his forgetfulness. The set of questions will include questions having emotional, situational & mental appeal. Fact Analysis for CFO Wanda Sharp Wanda Sharp, another example of a brilliant leader but the problem is where her self-centrism comes which in common words is known as selfishness. Scientifically or as per Freud we can say her Id is stronger than her Ego. This will eventually pose a threat to her employees, as she disregards their work and claims to be the only reason of success. Employees can be de motivated and organization can suffer in the long run. She is also having a family problem relating to her son, in which she again takes self-pity by having feelings like why did he do that to me? Etc. Set of Questions for Wanda Sharp For Wanda, the best combination of questions will constitute of questions relating to personality, self assessment and behavior. Such questions will help

Corporate Productivity and the New Economy Personal Statement

Corporate Productivity and the New Economy - Personal Statement Example And, I learned that the unique educational program of the Graduate School of Computer and Information Science at Nova Southeastern University is one of the many features why many students study and research here. For, one of the main reasons for my selection of Nova Southeastern University is its Cluster classroom format. Since I am a firm believer in the concept of teamwork, I believe the cluster meetings will be beneficial for me as I network and team with others in my field with the guidance and wisdom of my instructors. Further, I believe I will also be able to make a formidable contribution to my classmates and professors as we exchange prior experiences, expertise, and hopes in a bond that will last a lifetime. Furthermore, the online aspect of the program is equally as attractive to me as the cluster meetings. I am no stranger to online learning since at least 50% of my undergraduate courses and 90% of my Master's courses took advantage of the online format. For, the schoolâ⠂¬â„¢s unique learning environment is the missing link that will help me maximize my current skills and capabilities in the field of Information Technology in my zeal to improve the lives of people using information technology. Evidently, my entire life has been seriously focused on the complex but rewarding world information technology.  

Environmental Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Environmental Studies - Essay Example The ecological system totally depends on how it is being preserved and maintained. Global could have been prevented by taking the measures and following the plans.(Glantz 1999). Pollution is the main reason behind global warming. Smoke form vehicles, factories and manufacturing plants and forest fire are the major cause for pollution. All this lead to global warming which in turn was spoiled most of the species in the world. Discharge of toxic and poisonous gas from the industries also provoked global warming. The green house effect was disturbed due to this. The glaciers in many countries started melting because of these problems. There are various causes of global warming. Emission of gases like methane and gases like nitrous oxide mixed with the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide from the vehicles was also a cause. This problem was common in most of the countries. Deforestation contributed to this problem. Although most of the scientists around the world tried hard to educate people regarding global warming, this was vain. As people were not aware of global warming and its after effects, they did not try to protect the environment. (McDonough, Michael 2002). Temperature difference has affected the ecology. ... As this also differed, the ecology was altered. The sea level got increased which resulted in natural calamity like tsunami. Other natural disasters like volcanic eruptions and earth quake made earth uninhabitable. Due to global warming many species became extinct. But people never thought it would become such a threat. Nearly 40% of the species have been decimated. Global warming showed its nature with the evolvement of new diseases. (Quinn 1995).Many unnamed diseases started to spread and they did not have any proper medicines to cure it. Many people lost their lives during this time. From this, there was a gradual decrease in the population. By this time the level of sea started to rise, as the glaciers melted down and fell into the sea. Though many organizations tried to spread the awareness regarding global warming, only some were able to achieve their goal. They did not know the seriousness of global warming. Other disasters like volcano occurred in many countries. This too resulted in the increase of mortality rate. The diseases that started spreading due to global warming were mainly because of poisonous gas like methane which was emitted by many sources. Organic and inorganic wastes were also a major problem. Industries did not dispose their wastes properly. The factories let out their wastes into the water bodies. Some of the manufacturing plants dumped their wastes in open vast lands and some burnt these wastes. This polluted the atmosphere, which created holes in the ozone layer. Gases like CFC which are being used in refrigerators are the main cause for the problems in the ozone layer. Drought also contributed to the decline in the species. People did not have the facilities to cultivate their land to produce food.

Social Phobia And Fear Of Public Speaking Psychology Essay

Social Phobia And Fear Of Public Speaking Psychology Essay A phobia is an  intense  fear of something that poses little or no actual danger. Common phobias and fears include closed-in places, heights, driving, flying insects, snakes, and needles. However, people can develop phobias of virtually anything. Most phobias develop in childhood, but they can also develop during adulthood. If you have a phobia, you probably realize that your fear is unreasonable, yet you still cant control your feelings. Just thinking about the feared object or situation may make you anxious and when youre actually exposed to the thing you fear, the terror is automatic and overwhelming. The experience is so nerve-wracking that you may go to great lengths to avoid it; inconveniencing yourself or even changing your lifestyle. If you have claustrophobia, for example, you might turn down a lucrative job offer if you have to use a lift to get to the office. If you have a fear of heights, you might drive an extra 20 miles in order to avoid a tall bridge. Understanding your phobia is the first step to overcoming it. Its important to know that phobias are common. Having a phobia doesnt mean youre crazy! It also helps to know that phobias are highly treatable. You can overcome your anxiety and fear, no matter how out of control it feels. It is normal and even helpful to experience fear in dangerous situations. Fear is an adaptive human response. It serves a protective purpose, activating the automatic fight-or-flight response. With our bodies and minds alert and ready for action, we are able to respond quickly and protect ourselves. But with phobias the threat is greatly exaggerated or nonexistent. For example, it is only natural to be afraid of a snarling Doberman, but it may be irrational to be terrified of a friendly poodle on a lead, as you might be if you have a dog phobia. The difference between normal fear and a phobia Normal fear Phobia Feeling anxious when flying through turbulence or taking off during a storm Not going to your best friends island wedding because youd have to fly there Experiencing butterflies when peering down from the top of a skyscraper or climbing a tall ladder Turning down a great job because its on the 10th floor of the office building Getting nervous when you see a pit bull or a Rottweiler Steering clear of the park because you might see a dog Feeling a little queasy when getting an injection or when your blood is being drawn Avoiding necessary medical treatments or doctors checkups because youre terrified of needles Rottweiler dog Feeling a little queasy when getting an injection or when your blood is being drawn Avoiding necessary medical treatments or doctors checkups because youre terrified of needles Normal fears in children Many childhood fears are natural and tend to develop at specific ages. For example, many young children are afraid of the dark and may need a nightlight to sleep; that doesnt mean they have a phobia. In most cases, they will grow out of this fear as they get older. If your childs fear is not interfering with his or her daily life or causing him or her a great deal of distress, then theres little cause for undue concern. However, if the fear is interfering with your childs social activities, school performance, or sleep, you may want to see a qualified child therapist. Which of my childs fears are normal? According to the Child Anxiety Network, the following fears are extremely common and considered normal: 0-2 years   Loud noises, strangers, separation from parents, large objects. 3-6 years   Imagination (i.e. ghosts/monsters), sleeping alone, darkness, strange noises. 7-16 years   Fears such as injury, illness, school performance, death, natural disasters. Common types of phobias and fears There are 4 general types of phobias and fears: Animal phobias.  Examples: fears of snakes, spiders, rodents, and dogs. Natural environment phobias.  Examples: fears of heights, storms, open water, and darkness. Situational phobias (fears triggered by a specific situation).  Examples: fears of enclosed spaces (claustrophobia), flying, driving, tunnels, and bridges. Blood-Injection-Injury phobia.  The fear of blood, injury, needles or other medical procedures. Some phobias dont fall into one of the four common categories. Such phobias include fears of choking, getting a disease such as cancer, germs, illness, death and fear of clowns (yes, really!) Social phobia and fear of public speaking Image-social phobia fear of speaking Social Phobia, also called social anxiety disorder, is fear of social situations where you may be embarrassed or judged. If you have social phobia you may be excessively self-conscious and afraid of humiliating yourself in front of others. Your anxiety about how you will look and what others will think may lead you to avoid certain social situations youd otherwise enjoy. Fear of public speaking, an extremely common phobia, is a type of social phobia. Other fears associated with social phobia include fear of eating or drinking in public, talking to strangers, taking exams, mingling at a party, and being asked to speak in class. Agoraphobia (fear of open spaces) image of angrophobia(fear of open spaces) Agoraphobia is another phobia that doesnt fit neatly into any of the 4 categories. Traditionally thought to involve a fear of public places and open spaces, it is now believed that agoraphobia develops as a complication of  panic attacks. Afraid of having another panic attack, you become anxious about being in situations where escape would be difficult or embarrassing, or where help wouldnt be available immediately. For example, you are likely to avoid crowded places such as shopping centres and cinemas. You may also avoid cars, planes, and other forms of travel. In more severe cases, you might only feel safe at home. Signs and symptoms of phobias The symptoms of a phobia can range from mild feelings of apprehension and anxiety to a full-blown panic attack. Typically, the closer you are to the thing youre afraid of, the greater your fear will be. Your fear will also be higher if getting away is difficult. Physical signs and symptoms of a phobia Difficulty breathing Racing or pounding heart Chest pain or tightness Trembling or shaking Feeling dizzy or lightheaded A churning stomach Hot or cold flashes; tingling sensations Sweating Emotional signs and symptoms of a phobia Feeling of overwhelming anxiety or panic Feeling an intense need to escape Feeling unreal or detached from yourself Fear of losing control or going crazy Feeling like youre going to die or pass out Knowing that youre overreacting, but feeling powerless to control your fear Symptoms of Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia The symptoms of blood-injection-injury phobia are slightly different from other phobias. When confronted with the sight of blood or a needle, you experience not only fear but disgust. Like other phobias, you initially feel anxious as your heart speeds up. However, unlike other phobias, this acceleration is followed by a quick drop in blood pressure, which leads to nausea, dizziness, and fainting. Although a  fear  of fainting is common in all specific phobias, blood-injection-injury phobia is the only phobia where fainting can actually occur. When to seek help for phobias and fears Although phobias are common, they dont always cause considerable distress or significantly disrupt your life. For example, if you have a snake phobia, it may cause no problems in your everyday activities if you live in a city where you are not likely to run into one. On the other hand, if you have a severe phobia of crowded spaces, living in a big city would pose a problem. If your phobia doesnt really impact your life that much, its probably nothing to be concerned about. But if avoidance of the object, activity, or situation that triggers your phobia interferes with your normal functioning or keeps you from doing things you would otherwise enjoy, its time to seek help. Consider treatment for your phobia if: It causes intense and disabling fear, anxiety, and panic. You recognize that your fear is excessive and unreasonable. You avoid certain situations and places because of your phobia. Your avoidance interferes with your normal routine or causes significant distress. Youve had the phobia for over 6 months. Self-help or therapy for phobias: which treatment is best? When it comes to treating phobias, self-help strategies and therapy can both be effective. Whats best for you depends on a number of factors, including the severity of your phobia, and the amount of support you need. Self-help is always worth a try. The more you can do for yourself, the more in control youll feel-which goes a long way when it comes to phobias and fears. However, if your phobia is so severe that it triggers panic attacks or uncontrollable anxiety, you may want to get additional support. The good news is that  phobia treatment has a great track record. Not only does it work extremely well, but you tend to see results very quickly-sometimes in as a little as 1 or 2 sessions.  ©Fearless Putting Ltd. All rights reserved. This site is for information only and NOT a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment.

NASA vs. Public Schools Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

NASA vs. Public Schools Dozens of cupcakes arrive at Cape Canaveral, baked and iced by astronauts and their spouses. The heads of NASA believe this fundraiser will save the space program for the next year. After all, if everyone who cares about the future of the last frontier buys a cupcake, we can save the funding of the space program. Yeah, right! Sadly, our country spends 13.5 billion dollars on space exploration but can't find enough funding for our public schools. (http://www.hq.nasa.gov/congress/budget1.html) The United States is the richest nation on our planet. Yet, parent clubs all over the country spend volunteer time raising money for public schools. Why do we not have enough funding for our public schools and who is responsible for our lack of funds? An article on NASA's website shows me a testimony by NASA Administrator, Dan Goldin, who spoke before the U.S. House of Representative's subcommittee after the NASA budget received an eleven-percent reduction in funding. Mr. Goldin feels outrage that the space program would be expected to function on such restricted funding. Goldin states this kind of cut would "gut space exploration." With closures of NASA centers and significant layoffs, Mr. Goldin predicts this budget cut will affect employee morale. Mr. Goldin poignantly states, "Perhaps most sadly, we will lose the opportunity to inspire a future generation of children." (http://www.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/Goldin/2000/testimony) Goldin's issue is the reduction in his budget. In my experience with budgets, reduction of the budget means, Goldin and his team are going to have to cut costs. Reading between the lines of his argument, I presume the eleven-percent are costs he does not want to cut. It must be his beli... ...ronomers, or engineers to further our advancing future. We must concentrate on the educational funding of our nation. I perceive the National PTA to have a valid mission in the lives of our children and education. Instead of raising funds through the community, perhaps we can become political advocates and persuade our politicians to allocate necessary funds to our public education; instead of baking cupcakes. Cupcakes in hand, I head to my next PTA fundraiser. I realize cupcakes are not going to save the education system for the next year, just as they cannot save a space program. After all, we do care about the future of education for our children. We need to analyze our issues and decide how to go about trimming the state educational budget. NASA can live through the budget cuts without cupcakes and so can our educational system. But for now, cupcake, anyone?

Maritime security requirements Essay

Maritime security refers to the security offered to the shipping industry in a country. It refers to the measures taken by the government to ensure that the port, the employers, the employees as well as the equipments in the ports are well guarded from threats which face them. The ports face risks which may arise due to unlawful acts done on them or even on the persons stationed in them. Strategic planning to cub any uncertainty is thus essential for the well being of a nation and its citizens. The security of a country like the United States is dependent on the security of the world’s oceans. There are different forms of threats which face the maritime security. To attain maritime security, it is thus vital to combine the efforts of both the public and private sectors globally. Maritime security may also be used to refer to the comprehensive security for the international shipping which started functioning on July 2004. It forms part of the IMO’s activities. This is a security practice code which is exercised in ports which is meant to compliment the international ships and the port equipments security. The IMO/ILO code was implemented to offer security for the whole port area and was approved in March 2004. IMO is an acronym for international maritime organization while ILO refers to the international labor organization. IMO code of practice is not binding and should not replace the laws and regulations of a country. It does not affect the fundamental rights and principles of the workers as provided by the ILO document or the workers access to the ports or terminals and even the vessels. The IMO is thus used to provide guidance to member countries on how to deal with matters relating to security in the ports. It also helps in identifying a government’s roles and responsibilities as well as for those of the employers and their employees (Pugh, 1994). The main objective of the formation of the code of practice relating to security on the ports was to enable all the stakeholders including the government minimize the risks which may be incurred by the port due to unlawful acts in the port. It was also intended to provide a common basis of approach to security on ports amongst affiliated states. This code also sought to extend the area covered by port security to include the whole port. Threats and measures used to combat maritime security Maritime insecurity has been on the rise for the past few years with terrorists using this domain to attack most countries. This has called for strict measures to ensure such attacks are reduced or eliminated. For maritime security to be attained, a number of plans have to be put in place to address the different forms of maritime security. These plans form the basic requirements for successful attaining of maritime security. One of the plans which are vital is a national plan to create and achieve Maritime’s domain awareness. After creating a national awareness, a global integration of intelligence is important and hence its plan. A single country may not be in a position to fight and lead to maritime security thus the need to cooperate with other countries. Other plans are the maritime infrastructure plan and the maritime security plans. The security plans includes the transportation plan, the commerce plan and the facilities plan. Before the formulation of these plans, the country needs to understand the threats which maritime environment faces (Hawkes, 1989). For a country to formulate the measures it has to take to attain maritime security, it needs to evaluate the threats the oceans are exposed to which in turn affect the countries stability. Different countries have adopted different measures to ensure that their ports are safe. The most common threats that face the oceans include the threat to the maritime security itself. Today’s maritime environment is marked by complexity and ambiguity thus making it difficult to maintain and protect it. This is more pronounced in the maritime environment. This is enhanced by the operations carried out at the sea which exposes the countries to acts of terrorism. These kinds of attack are more dangerous and pure military actions may not be effective in fighting them. They thus require other measures and the countries exposed to such threats must device ways to combat them. Advancement in telecommunications and the expansion of the international and commercial logistics have led to an increase in the range and also the effects which arise due to the terrorist attacks. They have made it possible to enter even the borders considered to be most secure with great speed and for greater distances. Terrorists take advantage of such capabilities and cause great damage globally and also in the political and economic environment (Higgie, 2005). Maritime domain could also be used to export illegal goods to other countries thus posing a threat to the other country. Strict measures are thus required to cub this and to ensure that all transported goods are of high standards and are not harmful to the citizens in a country. Terrorism acts are rampant in the maritime domain. Fighting these threats is becoming more difficult since different terrorist groups from different countries have joined together due to the improved telecommunications. They also operate under the shadows thus making it hard to fight them. Cooperation amongst the member states is required to maintain maritime security. The increasing international trade through the maritime domain has also led to increased maritime related criminal activities. Such activities include smuggling of drugs and weapons to or out of a country. People smuggling has also been on the rise in the maritime domain especially in areas characterized by heavy commercial seas activities. In countries with unstable political environment, this is more rampant. Illegal immigration through the sea has been rampant in the recent past thus posing a major threat to maritime security and also to the economic and political stability of a country (Pugh, 1994). The main objective for the countries faced by these maritime threats is to eliminate or reduce the activities which pose these threats. One of the major steps towards preventing the terrorist attacks and other criminal and unlawful acts is through monitoring and controlling or patrolling the maritime borders. High seas areas which are of national interest should be safeguarded. Detecting and stopping criminal activities before they are committed is the main aim of the countries exposed to maritime threats. To be effective in detecting the threats to maritime security, the country has to be aware of the threat and have detective capabilities. Such knowledge helps in deterring and also defeating adversaries early enough before much damage have been caused (Higgie, 2005). Another objective of a country in cubing maritime insecurity is by protecting the critical maritime infrastructure and also the related population centers. All the main and important infrastructures both physical and network operations should be guarded by military facilities for security purposes. Population should also be controlled so as to make it difficult for people to collect information which could be used in committing criminal maritime acts. Overcrowding in the ports makes it easier for illegal immigration and smuggling of goods and people. The responsibility of protecting these infrastructures should be taken up by both the private and public sectors. A country should also work towards minimizing the damages which may arise in the maritime domain. Safeguarding the maritime domain and their resources from exploitation is another aim of a country (Pugh, 1994). For a country to attain maritime security, there are a number of things or requirement that it has to meet. There are no international standards which have been set to control, regulate or maintain maritime security and thus a country has to set its own standards and work towards maintaining maritime securities. However, as mentioned earlier the international maritime organization has set guidelines which a country may apply in dealing with maritime related issues. Attaining maritime security is a continuous activity especially with the emergence of different activities which are posing threats to maritime security. International cooperation and coordination is vital in achieving maritime security. Information sharing and also intelligence assistance are also vital in effective elimination of maritime insecurity. Public and private sectors should also work in cooperation to attain and secure maritime security (Hawkes, 1989). The minimum requirement is the acquiring of an identification card of maritime security. This card shows that the holder has been checked from his background and thus can work in the port unescorted. This card covers the seafarers and the persons working or who supply oil and gas facilities offshore. This card mainly operates in the Australian waters. For one to qualify to be given unmonitored access to the maritime security zone, one should not have an adverse criminal record and should be a citizen. If he is not a citizen, he must have a right to work in the country. Automatic identification systems are also a requirement in maritime security. These systems are supposed to be installed on commercial vessels which are on international voyage. This may include vessels used in fishing and even passenger vessels which are over 65’ in length (Office of the Press Secretary, 2003). Prescreening cargo before lading is also another requirement for attaining maritime security. All international cargos should be examined before they are allowed into a country to ascertain their safety and to eliminate possibilities of threats. Procedures to enforce action against a cargo suspected to be carrying illegal commodities or terrorists into or out of a country should be formulated. These procedures should be implemented and enforced to reduce the possibility of a repeat of the same action. Seizing cargo procedures should also be implemented and streamlined for easier confiscation of the goods or persons (Bahar, 2007). One of the vital requirements in achieving maritime security is by enhancing international cooperation amongst the member states. The oceans cover more than two thirds of the earth’s surface. As such, no single country can achieve maritime security on its own. Cooperation with other countries is thus a vital tool in achieving maritime security. Countries which are interested in attaining maritime security and are willing to fight terrorism and other maritime crime come together to device ways to combat these crimes. These countries should seek to understand the threats and prioritize them according to there urgency. Unified actions and plans are then implemented to reduce maritime insecurity (Hawkes, 1989). To enhance this cooperation, the nations should endeavor to standardize international security to ensure that all the goods and people going to a country through the maritime domain are not a threat to the citizens that country. The use of automated systems should be implemented to register maritime vessels, their ownership and also their operations. The crew operating them should also be registered as well as the cargo being transported to enhance transparency. The member states should also develop a mutual fund ensure effective and efficient implementation of measures to interdict criminals before the damages are done. The means of rapid exchanges amongst the government and intelligence agencies should also be enforced by the law and suspected criminals should be persecuted. Streamlined procedures should also be adopted to verify vessels nationality so as to take appropriate enforcement measures on time (Bahar, 2007). Another requirement for maritime security is the foreign vessel security plans. This requirement has a provision that members of SOLAS are not required to produce their security plans to coast guards for their vessels to be approved. However, those who are not affiliated to this group of SOLAS have to produce their security plans before being allowed to enter into a country. Their security plan should also comply with the measures which are stipulated in the trade agreement. SOLAS is an acronym for safety of life at seas. A vessel not complying with these requirements is denied entrance to a country. This is in operation in the united stated (Office of the Press Secretary, 2003). Vessel security plans is also another requirement for ensuring maritime security. All vessels are required to have security plans before being allowed to move in the American waters. This requirement however exempts vessels which carry less than one hundred and fifty passengers without considering the number of overnight passengers in the vessel. Other vessels exempted in this provision are the drilling units which are non self propelling and are operated offshore. Industrial vessels like the dredges are also exempted from the security plans provision for vessels. Facilities are supposed to come up with their individual plans for security. Exempted in this requirement are facilities which only service the passenger vessels but whose vessels do not carry passengers. Others are the public access facilities which are purely used for recreation and retail purposes by the public. Vessels which the public uses for entertainment and tourist purposes are also exempted. The owners and the operators of these exempted facilities are held responsible and are supposed to implement necessary security measures. These measures are supposed to comply with the area security plan (Office of the Press Secretary, 2003). These requirements are made possible and viable by offering assistance and training to the maritime security operators. Economic assistance is also vital in ensuring that maritime security among the nations is attained. Another way that the governments have done to ensure maritime security is maintained is by expanding the international port and maritime security officer programs. This ensures that the diverse threats posed by unlawful acts are minimized and awareness is created. The number of agency attaches has also been increased (Pugh, 1994). Deploying layered security is also another requirement for ensuring that maritime security is achieved and maintained. A system of layered security ensures that the capabilities of the member governments and those of commercial interests are integrated globally. Both the public and the private sectors can help in controlling terrorism activities if they could act in concert. These two sectors may use diverse though complementary measures to eliminate the criminal acts instead of relying on the government alone. A layered approach is not a static approach but keeps on being improved. These changes serve to create uncertainty thus reducing the possibility of terrorist attacks. This approach is mainly used in the most vulnerable areas like the marine transportation sector, passenger and cargo ferrying, staff and also in conveyances. It is also effective in ports and also the route of transportation (Bahar, 2007). Maximizing domain awareness is a vital tool in eliminating threats and maintaining peace and security in the maritime environment. Understanding the trends and all the events in a domain helps to predict likely events and also the possible threats facing a certain domain. Prior knowledge of the threats is important for securing the security of a maritime domain and also helps in reducing detrimental events. In trying to gain knowledge of the possible threats, the government and all the stakeholders should aim at trying to understand who their enemies are and their capabilities and also their goals. Factors influencing their behavior and also their organizational structure should be analyzed. A vital area is learning the adversary’s weak points and also the centers of their gravity. This knowledge is used in planning the course of action and also in deciding and prioritizing the allocation of resources. Awareness of maritime domain thus helps in earlier identification of threats and thus prompts appropriate actions to be taken to prevent such attacks (Higgie, 2005). Conclusion Maritime security as discussed above is not only vital to the seas environment but also affects the whole country and the world in general. No single country is immune to maritime threats and as such, all the countries should work together to attain maritime security. Creating awareness may be costly but should be advocated for to ensure that terrorist attacks and other criminal and hostile acts are recognized and deterred. Stern measures should be undertaken by the international body concerned with maritime security on countries that collude or allow terrorist to operate from their waters. Those convicted of violating maritime security should be persecuted and heavy punishment imposed so as to deter others from engaging in similar acts. However, while dealing with matters relating to maritime security, extra care should be taken. Damages caused by criminal acts via maritime domain may be devastating thus caution should be exercised. The countries should also strive at protecting the maritime domain from exploitation so as to preserve the ecosystem of the country as well as that of the aquatic life. Reference: Bahar M. (2007): Attaining Optimal Deterrence at Sea: A Legal and Strategic Theory for Naval Anti-Piracy Operations Journal article of Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 40 Hawkes K. G. (1989): Maritime Security. ISBN 087033395X. Published by Cornell Maritime Press Higgie D. (2005): Combating Terrorism: Dell Higgie Surveys the International Counter-Terrorism Scene. Journal article of New Zealand International Review, Vol. 30 Office of the Press Secretary. (2003): Fact Sheet: Maritime Security Requirements. Retrieved on 10th December 2008 from, http://www. dhs. gov/xnews/releases/press_release_0282. shtm. Pugh M. C. (1994): Maritime Security and Peacekeeping: A Framework for United Nations Operations. ISBN 0719045630. Published by Manchester University Press

The Female Pharaoh Cleopatra †History Essay

The Female Pharaoh Cleopatra – History Essay Free Online Research Papers The Female Pharaoh Cleopatra History Essay Cleopatra became pharaoh in the springtime of 51 B.C. when her father, Ptolemy Auletes, died. He left the throne to his eighteen-year-old daughter, Cleopatra, and to her younger brother, Ptolemy XIII, who was only twelve at the time. Cleopatra took greater power over her brother. She was forced to have a consort throughout her reign. Her consort could either be a brother or a son, no matter what their ages were. Cleopatra married her brother, Ptolemy XIII. She dropped his name from all official documents despite the insistence the Ptolemaic had that the male presence be first among co-rulers. Cleopatra put her name and face on the coins of that time period, ignoring her brother. A group of men led by Theodotus, the eunuch Pothinus, and a half-Greek general, named Achillas, overthrew Cleopatra in favor of her brother. They believed he could be influenced easier, so they became his council of regency. In the early days of the Ptolemy the control region of the Egyptians expanded greatly. This included the island of Cyprus, Cyrenioca, which had already controlled modern day Libya, Syria, and Phoenicia. They also controlled some major cities in Asia Minor and Greece. After Ptolemy XIII, her brother and husband, died by drowning in the Nile, Caesar restored her power so Cleopatra became the sole ruler of Egypt. Caesar must have been driven by more than simple infatuation for Cleopatra, to have gone through the troubles of restoring her power. To please Alexandrians and she had to marry her younger brother Ptolemy XIV, who was only eleven years old at this time. She became pregnant quickly after the marriage. This was very appealing to Ptolemy XIV to have a son to carry on his rule after his death. After this Caesar and Cleopatra took a two-month trip up the Nile. In July 46 B.C., Caesar returned to Rome. Upon returning he was given many awards for his ten-year ruling, and then he brought over Cleopatra. Cleopatra coming to Rome, especially the conservative republican when Cleopatra was established in Caesars home offended many. Cleopatra considered herself to be the new Isis, the goddess of motherhood and fertility. The life she lived was very luxurious and she had a golden statue of herself put by Caesar in the temple of Venus Genetrix. Openly, Caesar recognized Caesarion, Cleopatra’s son, as his own. Besides the laws against marrying foreigners and laws of bigamy Cleopatra and Caesar planned to get married. Then in March of 44 B.C., his senators assassinated Caesar outside the Roman Senate Building. Cleopatra fled Rome with her child and returned to home in Alexandria, because she feared for the life of her child and herself. When she returned to Alexandria she had husband and consort, Ptolemy XIV, assassinated so that Caesarion could become her co-regent at the age o four. During her absence she found that the Nile Canals had been neglected and that caused harvests to be low, plagues, and famine to occur. This continued for about two years. Research Papers on The Female Pharaoh Cleopatra - History EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Honest Iagos Truth through DeceptionBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Managing Change, Balanced Scorecard

Managing Change, Balanced Scorecard What Is Bsc? The balance scorecard which is also known as (BSC) is a tool that is used by organizations to measure the numerous outcomes that may result from the activities they carry out. It helps in evaluating the financial performance of an organization, the level of customer satisfaction, the excellence with which the internal processes are run and the ways by which the employees learn and various ways in which they can grow. The outcomes from the organization can then be connected to the vision of the organization and also their strategies (Gupta 114)Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing Change, Balanced Scorecard specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Perspectives in a BSC Financial perspective The outcome of a particular organization can be considered from the point of view of the finances. From this angle, various aspects of the finances can be considered such as the profitability of the organization. The scor ecard technique should take into consideration that for most organizations, the profit making perspective is one of its major objectives and hence cannot be ignored. This is the returns that an organization makes after they have included all their deductions from their income and what they remain with is the profit. The growth of an organization is also to be considered in the scorecard because this is crucial for any organization if it aims at being competitive over a long period of time. The growth can be calculated in form of percentages, where the gradual increment of profits is considered, the increase of shares that are made available in the market stock exchange and also the worth of the organization at that particular time. This requires documents from previous financial years to come up with a steady and reliable feedback of the financial increment or decrement (Gupta 115). The value of the shares is also included in the scorecard as a way of valuing the organization agains t the many more in the market. The value also determines the amount of capital the organization may be having in circulation from the shareholders. The share that the organization has in the market is also necessary, such as the size or the volume of customers, the resources among their competitors and this is important is setting goals for the next financial years. The operating expenses have to be considered especially the ones that have been reduced as a clear indication of growth with minimal expenses and this may also lead to a higher profit. The assets are also recorded to show the turnover they can bring forth is they are disposed. Customer Perspective Customer satisfaction should also be highly regarded in the scorecard since without the customers the organization cannot run. The time that it takes for an organization to respond to a customer is necessary because the faster it is the better feedback and loyalty the organization gets. The time that it takes to cover a particu lar issue for a customer is also necessary as it determines if an organization gets to keep its customers or not (Gupta 116).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The quality of customer service is also necessary as it sets the standards of the organization and also helps in its evaluation. The quality on the part of the customer translated to the effectiveness of the organization to meet their needs. Performance and the service delivered by the personnel is also considered on the score card. The cost that is incurred by the organization to meet various activities is necessary, if a customer is required to give an extra fee so that they can get special services that are not offered free of charge. Internal Perspective The business may have internal processes and that perspective is considered in the scorecard. The processes that are found within the business or the org anization are; cycle time, quality, employee skills and productivity. The cycle time is recorded from when a new product is introduced to the market and the time it takes to reach the maturity stage. The maturity stage is when product begins to get popular with the clients and it goes to a peak and the time it gets to the plateau stage of growth. The time it takes in this cycle is recorded and used in the evaluation in connection to the vision of the organization. The quality of products or services offered by an organization or business should be considered in order to assess the value of the organization in the current market. The skills possessed by the employees also matter because they dictate the output of the organization and also the quality to be delivered by that particular business. The productivity has to be put in context because this is what makes a business relevant and the managers must ensure that all activities are geared to increase the productivity and at the sam e time maintaining their quality. Decisions that are made within the business will manifest in the kind of results that come out of this. These decisions have to be recorded to create accountability of every result to a previous action or decision. Actions in the business are also to be in the scorecard from whatever level they may have been made from. Every action has a reaction and some may be working together with the vision of the organization and others may be the reason why most of the objectives have not been meet in the business.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing Change, Balanced Scorecard specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The coordination of activities is very crucial, as this is what gives the over-view of the strategies laid out by a business. The better the processes work out together the better the outcome that comes with it. The resources that are within the business have to be considered too. T he resources can be in form of money or even assets and all these have to be looked at in a way that they can be used to enhance the production or continuity of the organization. The capabilities also have to be recorded so that they can easily forecast the ease with which the organization can adapt to future changes in the market. Innovation and Learning Perspective The employees are of great value to an organization and their skills determine the productivity of the organization. The employees have to be trained through a learning process on the various ways of meeting the standards and quality of the organization. For instance, when a business introduces new services or products to the market, it is important for management to equip the employees with the necessary information on the new release so that they can comfortably market the new products to the customers and they will answer all questions with ease. The employees have to be shown that the customers are of great value, a nd this may come about through training that will help them see that every single customer, may they be loyal customers or potential customers should be treated in the same esteem so that they can feel they belong to that business. The efficiency with which the employees operate should also be considered, which can be seen through the time it takes them to attend to clients (Gupta 120). Case Study: Al-Kindi Pharmaceuticals Al-Kindi Pharmaceutical Industries PLC is a medium sized biopharmaceutical company that has been one of the many organizations across the globe that has successfully implemented the business scorecard as a tool in management. This can be clearly seen at the corporation level and it has carefully trickled down to the employee levels at each individual level. It can be seen that the organization has to work hand in hand with everyone in the company to achieve outcomes that have a great connection to the vision of the organization and to work with their strategies.Ad vertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The strategies that are put in place by the organization so that they can work for all the stakeholders have been in the context of the four perspectives in the business scorecard. The four perspectives are; financial performance, internal business processes, learning and growth and the reputation with customers. The pharmaceutical company has a matrix form of organization and this can be seen where there are different directors in various branches. This form of structure helps in increasing the profit as the various stations ensure that the company covers a greater area of market. The internal business processes such as the decisions to be made or actions have to be presented to the managing director before they are passed to be applied to all areas, hence reducing the level of risks or mistakes and promotes orderliness. The geographical distribution ensures that there is customer satisfaction as they are reached individually to their grassroots. The growth and learning process of the employees can be seen from the development of the various directors in each station who can keenly work with each employee to give a higher outcome for the company in overall production. Al-Kindi Pharmaceuticals have been in operation for thirty years in Bahrain. They have sought with time to have minimum cost and at the same time maintain the quality of their products. This led them to having the business scorecard, which would outline the vision, mission, objectives and even the strategies to ensure that they remained in the market for a long time. Al-Kindi is a research driven company, which looks into the global healthcare with great values in the biopharmaceutical chain, and they endeavor to form a strong matrix of capabilities. The company focuses on the medical need in the field of cancer, inflammatory diseases and diabetes. The company ensures that they provide therapies that are based on affordable innovation. The company ensures that the stakeholders are taken care of in the four perspectives of the business scorecard. The finances of the company are recorded and it may appear to the employees that the services or therapies are affordable through their vision. The company also seeks to show customer’s satisfaction in the range of diseases in which they offer research in therapies. The owners of the company are reassured that they will get the profits they aim at attaining and the customers are guaranteed of the proper healthcare. The internal processes of the pharmaceuticals business have been featured in the quality of the healthcare they aim to achieve. They point out that the matrix organization they use is of paramount benefit by collectively using different capabilities or skills of the employees in various fields and the diverse station all around the world. Al-Kindi has a strategy in place that ensures its operations are legal through the licensing partnerships. This is guaranteed to provide them with a wider access to the people ac ross the globe and to add on to this it will help them to penetrate a larger market hence raking in more profits for the company. The company also assures its customers through the strategies that they will deliver great breakthroughs in various fields of research. This reassurance is the best thing to the loyal customers and it helps in attracting as well as retaining the potential customers. (Melendez-Ortiz and Vincente 200) Conclusion A strategy is very necessary for a company as it also outlines the way in which the employees will be trained and how they will learn in the same way. For example, Al-Kindi will require including in their strategy how they will be equipping the employees with the information on the new products or even the new services they may be delivering to the market. This will be important to them in the effort to win more customers to their side. This also helps in maintaining the quality standards of the company, which is viewed by many as being reliable. In conclusion, the business scorecard is essential in growing companies that hope to establish themselves in a rapidly growing market. It is used by almost seventy percent of the organizations all over the world. It can be deduced that any business that fails to implement a BSC is destined for a decline in the outcome. Gupta, Praveen. Six Sigma Business Record. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2007. Print Melendez-Ortiz, Ricardo and Vincente, Sanchez. Trading in Genes. Chicago: Earthscan, 2005. Print

International Development of Cricket Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Development of Cricket - Essay Example At present, cricket is the only game, which has laws other than rules, which covers the specific size or weight of pitch, crease, wicket, and ball. First and last occurrence of cricket in Olympic was in the year 1900 and the match was between France and Britain. After a long time the renewed interest is boosting up to again introduce cricket in the Olympic Games. In the year 1909, ICC was formed with founder nations like England, South Africa and Australia. ICC was previously known as Imperial Cricket Conference but later changed into, the International Cricket Conference. The abridged version of cricket was introduced in the 1960’s, which is more commonly known as, one-day cricket. The one-day cricket gained its popularity due to globalization and as the format is quite shorter than the usual test cricket The successes of one-day matches in increasing global viewership, helped ICC to figure out the ‘Cricket World Cup’. During the last 60 years, the interest of pl aying cricket among the new countries has doubled in numbers and countries like India, Pakistan, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe are new entrants in this league. Out of these countries some of the countries took cricket professionally and some of them accepted it non-professionally without any cricketing facilities. Cricket has also evolved, like other games, with the passage of time. Cricket is an interesting game, have large fan following over the last century, and still has the capability to attract fresh fans from the new generation. This popularity is hailed among them because of the introduction of unique ideas incorporated in the game by the leaders and controllers. Cricket has evolved from five-day tests to one-day internationals and now to new avatar T20s because at present there is very little time in the hands of people which can be spent on viewing sports. The effect of globalization has made the life much more faster than before and hence, the viewers like to watch sports which

Analyzing And Improving The Appropriateness Of The Exams Term Paper

Analyzing And Improving The Appropriateness Of The Exams - Term Paper Example To determine these factors, a myriad of assessment methods are used on the exam questions, including basic statistics to determine the performance of the students, qualitative and quantitative item analysis. In this case, basic statistics include the mean of each question in the exam and the entire test (Black, 2003). Qualitative item analysis refers to the careful reading of the contents of the exam to determine the accuracy of the exam, find proofreading errors, and determine whether any components of the exam could tip the students towards the correct answer (Triola, 2003). This paper will analyze the hypothetical psychology test presented using the methods discussed above, after which a suggested method for improving the exam is given. The first part of this analysis will focus on basic statistics, followed by the qualitative item analysis and the quantitative item analysis. The quantitative analysis will be focused on determining a difficulty-rating index for each question in th e test. The mean for the entire test is found by adding the total scores by each student, as represented by the totals column. The mean is then found by adding all the total scores and dividing the sum by the number of students taking the test (Black, 2003). As previously mentioned, the analysis of the test will include an analysis of the basic statistics, which in this case is the mean for each question and the entire test. The mean score for the first question is 1.8, which indicates that the pass rate is high among all the students.... Basic Statistics: Mean for Entire Test Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Total Student 1 2 2 0 2 0 6 Student 2 2 2 0 2 0 6 Student 3 2 0 0 2 0 4 Student 4 2 2 0 2 0 6 Student 5 2 2 2 2 2 10 Student 6 2 0 0 2 0 4 Student 7 2 2 0 2 0 6 Student 8 0 0 0 2 0 2 Student 9 2 2 0 2 0 6 Student 10 2 2 0 2 0 6 Mean 5.6 The mean for the entire test is found by adding the total scores by each student, as represented by the totals column. The mean is then found by adding all the total scores and dividing the sum by the number of students taking the test (Black, 2003). Graphs for Each Question Analysis As previously mentioned, the analysis of the test will include an analysis of the basic statistics, which in this case is the mean for each question and the entire test. The mean score for the first question is 1.8, which indicates that the pass rate is high among all the students. Question 2 has a mean score of 1.4, while questions 3 and 5 have mean scores of 0.2. Question 4 has a mean score of 2. The mean scores indicated above show the average pass rate for each question for each question, and can be sued as an indicator for the difficulty rating for each question in the test. This indicates that the easiest question is question 4, and the most difficult questions are questions 3 and 5. The mean for the entire test is 5.6, and indicates that the pas rate was evenly distributed among the students. This pass rate is depicted by the graphs shown above, which indicate the scores for each question. To determine the difficulty and appropriateness of each question, we have to conduct both qualitative and qualitative analyses.

Security system at the United States airports Research Paper

Security system at the United States airports - Research Paper Example The FAA was mandated with the responsibility of setting the least security requirements needed to govern the airport as well as the air carriers. In addition to this, the FAA has the power to ensure the standards set are met through issuing of fine, undertaking inspections, and revoking operating certificates. The responsibilities undertaken by the air carriers were preventing unauthorized entry to the plane, screening of baggage, passengers and cargo and training of the crewmembers on emergency tactics and procedures. The airports on their part had the responsibility of ensuring ample security is provided within the airport premises by stationing of law enforcement officers. The congress is also mandated with the responsibility of legislating aviation security law and undertakes partial implementation of the same laws (Johnstone & National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, 2006, p. 24). In the past, the security policies in United States and the world at large have mainly been established after a public’s reactions to different incidents of insecurity. A good example is the use of air marshals in the 1960s by airlines due to the numerous hijacking that were taking place at that time. It was soon after, that the U.S. government established laws to tackle the air piracy. Transportation security One of the main aspects that surround the national security of United States is the transportation process from and to the United States. In addition to this transportation within the borders of the nation is also part and parcel of the national security aspects. The September 11, attacks not only indicated the weaknesses of United states air port security systems but also the role that the air transport plays in the national security of America. Privatization of airport security is said to have raised a debate in the public domain. The approach used by United States in tackling the issue of airport security is much more different as compared to its European allies. In the European nations, the security inspection is normally undertaken by private contractors, while in America government control on airport operations has become visible especially after the terrorist attacks of September 11. The mare fact that terrorists had access to the airport facilities and airlines and thus using the airlines as their weapons of mass destruction only goes on to indicate the drastic measures needed to tackle the weaknesses of our airport security systems. According to Verkuil, this airport security system has incorporated private employees who are working on the behalf of the airlines and over seen by the Federal Aviation Administration. Previously, the airlines perceived and regarded the security function as one of the item of cost control and passed on its quality measures downwards. This is one of the reasons that makes the security systems fail in their critical purposes (Verkuil, 2007, p. 57 & 58). The largest aviation system of security was implemented in 2001 in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. These terrorist attacks were not only a wakeup call to the American government but also to the world as well. The public debate still lingers on whether the government could have taken extra steps to prevent the terrorist att

How Does the Individual Influence World Events Essay Example for Free

How Does the Individual Influence World Events Essay â€Å"How does the individual influence world events?† Muhammad is the prophet of the Islam. Islam means submission to the will of Allah. Allah is the one and only Islamic God. He taught the Middle Eastern people that Allah was the only God and that all other gods must be abandoned. Muhammad was and still is a highly respected individual that created the largest religion the world has ever seen. The Muslim religion has over a billion and a half followers, which is 25 % of the world’s population. Muhammad claimed that he saw an angel while meditating at a cave. The angel told Muhammad that he was the messenger for God. From that day and on, Muhammad began to spread the word of Allah. He began to preach at Mecca in 610 but reached minimum success. In 622, a criticized Muhammad left Mecca for Yathrib. To all Muslims, this migration is known as the Hijrah. In Yathrib, Muhammad drew many followers and influenced many people. Yathrib was later named Medina meaning â€Å"the city of the prophet†. During this time, Muhammad became a military leader. In the year 630, Muhammad and 10,000 of his followers marched into Mecca and caused Mecca’s leaders to surrender. The prophet entered Mecca in triumph. Many Meccans pledged their loyalty to Muhammad and converted to Islam. â€Å"How does the individual influence world events?† Barack Obama is the president of the United States of America. Everything he does sets the mood for the entire world, so much that he is under tremendous pressure. This pressure includes living up to the change he promised the world, pleasing his people and fixing the U.S’s un-stable economy. No other political figure in today’s world may be as significant as President Obama. His decisions and actions affect both people in America and people across the world. For example Obama has sent 50 thousand troops to Afghanistan. This negatively affected his image due to the fact that he promised for change when this action shows no change between him and former president Bush. This also affected the Muslim view on Barack Obama because they thought that he would focus on peace more than war. Due to his race, the world has broken many racial barriers and racism is not as much a factor as was before. Barack Obama can be labeled as one of the most influential political leaders of all time, even though he has been in office for so little time. This is because of the racial barriers he has broken and the ideas and decisions he both promised and has fulfilled. â€Å"How does the individual influence world events?† The individual can influence today’s world in many ways. We can become more involved in the care of the environment by making small decisions that will not drastically change our lifestyles but can change the world. These changes include minimizing the time of showers, shutting off all lights when you are not using them, using renewable energy sources, switching to compact florescent light bulbs etc. The individual should educate themselves along with others on how becoming green is the way to go. China for example is making big changes when it comes to helping the environment. China has 50 % of all solar energy panels and is the number 1 producer of wind turbines.

Essay --

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE This account mainly focuses in brief on my intention, aspiration and objectives of why I want to get admitted in MS under the department of Economics, especially in South Dakota State University, as most the people of a developing country like Bangladesh, are afflicted with poverty, ignorance and lack of economic management that are like a rift in the lute in our social, economic and political arena. These problems always haunt me and my thoughts like Pluto in the deathbed. I want to contribute in a widespread way in these zones that will have far-reaching effect on the development, growth and advancement in our poverty-stricken society. For making up my dream fruitful and pragmatic, I am in a crying need for acquiring more knowledge and understanding in Economics to bring about a radical change in economic management and development. To me South Dakota State University is unique in the sense that, here Master of Science in Economics focuses on relevant topics on economics and also encompasses rigorous study in economic theory, agricultural and resources economics, research methods, quantitative techniques etc. which are essential to make my foundation stronger enough to imply this knowledge on emerging economic issues. The department of Economics offers courses with theoretical analysis and real world application and also work on a broad range of issues, such as Personnel and Labor Relations, Farming and Food Systems Economics, Economic Development, Economics of the International Sector which fit with my area of interest. By getting an opportunity of doing course work and carrying out research on my preferred area I am confident of building up myself befitting for higher studies as well as for contributing t... .... By involving myself in this project work, I enriched my knowledge on the impact of energy subsidy in Bangladesh. The probability of worsening the economic growth due to giving subsidy on that particular sector was our finding. As I am in persuasion for master degree, I have come to know about the South Dakota State University by searching in internet. I firmly believe that the chance to do my master degree in this university will be the turning move towards accomplishing my desired goal. I am confident of not only upholding the academic excellence and dignity of the institution but also make remarkable contribution. I believe that I will be able to contribute considerably to the research in your university. I also believe the education from your institution and other opportunities that come to my way will facilitate me obtaining my objectives. Thank you.

Relationship Essay -- science

Relationship The relationship between men and women has always been complicated and sometimes even a really loving relationship cannot survive if people chose their personal longing as a priority. No matter how strong are the values of a man or a woman they should never forget about feelings and happiness that are nowhere else to be found but in the heart of the beloved person. Men and women fight in relationships: fight for more independence, fight to prove their rightness and keep forgetting that love is not a fight but a â€Å"mutual support alliance†. William Carlos Williams in his story â€Å"The Buffalos† gives an outstanding example of a relationship between a man and a woman. Francie in this story has a certain notion of what a relationship should be like. She seeks for being loved, unde...

Are Shakespeare’s Sonnets Autobiographical? Essay

Are the Sonnets, wholly or in part, autobiographical, or are they merely â€Å"poetical exercises† dealing with imaginary persons and experiences? This is the question to which all others relating to the poems are secondary and subordinate. For myself, I firmly believe that the great majority of the Sonnets, to quote what Wordsworth says of them, â€Å"express Shakespeare’s own feelings in his own person;† or, as he says in his sonnet on the sonnet, â€Å"with this same key Shakespeare unlocked his heart.† Browning, quoting this, asks: â€Å"Did Shakespeare? If so, the less Shakespeare he!† to which Swinburne replies, â€Å"No whit the less like Shakespeare, but undoubtedly the less like Browning.† The theory that the Sonnets are mere exercises of fancy, â€Å"the free outcome of a poetic imagination,† as Delius phrases it, is easy and specious at first, but lands us at last among worse perplexities than it evades. That Shakespeare, for example, should write seventeen sonnets urging a young man to marry and perpetuate his family is strange enough, but that he should select such a theme as the fictitious basis for seventeen sonnets is stranger yet; and the same may be said of the story or stories apparently underlying other of the poems. Some critics, indeed, who take them to be thus artificially inspired, have been compelled to regard them as â€Å"satirical† intended to ridicule the sonneteers of the time, especially Drayton and Sir John Davies of Hereford. Others, like Professor Minto, who believe the first 126 to be personal, regard the rest as â€Å"exercises of skill, undertaken in a spirit of wanton defiance and derision of commonplace.† The poems, to quote Dowden, â€Å"are in the taste of the time; less extravagant and less full of conceits than many other Elizabethan collections, more distinguished by exquisite imagination and all that betokens genuine feeling. . . . All that is quaint or contorted or ‘conceited’ in them can be paralleled from passages of early plays of Shakespeare, such as Romeo and Juliet, and the Two Gentlemen of Verona, where assuredly no satirical intention is discoverable.† If the Sonnets were mostly written before 1598 when Meres refers to them, or 1599 when Jaggard printed two of them, or in 1593 and 1594, as Sidney Lee assumes, and if most of them, as the same critic believes, were â€Å"little more than professional trials of skill, often of superlative merit, to which the poet deemed himself challenged by the efforts of contemporary practitioners,† it is passing strange that Shakespeare should not have published them ten or fifteen years before they were brought out by the pirate Thorpe. He must have written them for publication if that was their character, and the extraordinary popularity of his earlier poems would have assured them a favourable reception with the public. His fellow-townsman and friend, Richard Field, who had published the Venus and Adonis in 1593 and the Lucrece in 1594, and who must have known of the circulation of the sonnets in manuscript, would have urged him to publish them; or, if the author had declined to have them printed, some pirate, like Jaggard or Thorpe, would have done it long before 1609. Mr. Lee tells us that Sidney, Watson, Daniel, and Constable circulated their sonnets for a time in manuscript, but he tells us also that the pirates generally got hold of them and published them within a few years if the authors did not do it. But the history of The Passionate Pilgrim shows that it was not so easy to obtain copies of Shakespeare’s sonnets for publication. It was the success of Venus and Adonis and Lucrece (the fourth edition of the former being issued in 1599, and the second of the latter in 1598) which prompted Jaggard to compile The Passionate Pilgrim in 1599; and it is a significant fact that he was able to rake together only ten poems which can possibly be Shakespeare’s, and three of these were from Love’s Labour’s Lost, which had been published in 1598. To these ten pieces he added ten others (eleven, as ordinarily printed) which he impudently called Shakespeare’s, though we know that most of them were stolen and can trace some of them to the authors. His book bears evidence in its very make-up that he was hard pushed to fill the pages and give the purchaser a tolerable sixpence-worth. The matter is printed on but one side of the leaf, and is further spun out by putting a head-piece and tail-piece on every page, so that a dozen lines of text sandwiched between these convenient pictorial devices make as fair a show as double the quantity would ordinarily present. Note, however, that, with all his pickings and stealings, Jaggard managed to secure but two of the sonnets, though a considerable number of them were probably in existence among the author’s â€Å"private friends,† as Meres expressed it a year before. The pirate Newman, in 1591, was able to print one hundred and eight sonnets by Sidney which had been circulated in manuscript, and to add to them twenty-eight by Daniel without the author’s knowledge ; and sonnets by Watson and Constable, as Mr. Lee tells us, were similarly circulated and pirated. How, then, are we to explain the fact that Jaggard could obtain only two of Shakespeare’s sonnets, five years or more after they had been circulating among his friends ? Is it not evident that the poems must have been carefully guarded by these friends on account of their personal and private character? A dozen more of those sonnets would have filled out Jaggard’s â€Å"larcenous bundle of verse,† and have obviated the necessity of pilfering from Barnfield, Griffin, Marlowe, and the rest; but at the time they were in such close confidential keeping that he could get no copies of them. In the course of years they were shown to a larger and larger number of â€Å"private friends,† and with the multiplication of copies the chances of their getting outside of that confidential circle were proportionally increased. We need not be surprised, then, that a decade later somebody had succeeded in obtaining copies of them all, and sold the collection to Thorpe. Even if we suppose that the Sonnets had been impersonal, and that Shakespeare for some reason that we cannot guess had wished to withhold them from the press, we may be sure that he could not have done it in that day of imperfect copyright restrictions. Nothing could have kept a hundred and fifty poems by so popular an author out of print if there had not been strong personal reasons for maintaining their privacy. At least seven editions of the Venus and Adonis and four of the Lucrece appeared before Thorpe was able to secure â€Å"copy† for his edition of the Sonnets. If, as Mr. Lee asserts, Southampton was the patron to whom twenty that may be called â€Å"dedicatory† sonnets (23, 26, 32, 37, 38, 69, 77-86, 100, 101, 103, and 106) are addressed, it is all the more remarkable that Shakespeare should not have published them, or, if he hesitated to do it, that his noble patron should not have urged it. He had already dedicated both the Venus and Adonis and the Lucrece to Southampton; and Mr. Lee says that â€Å"three of the twenty dedicatory sonnets [26, 32, 38] merely translate into the language of poetry the expressions of devotion which had already done duty in the dedicatory epistle in verse that precedes Lucrece.† Other sonnet-sequences of the time (including the four mentioned by Mr. Lee as pirated while circulated in manuscript, except Sidney’s, which were not thus published until after his death) were brought out by their authors, with dedications to noble lords or ladies. Shakespeare’s Sonnets, so far as I am awa re, are the only exception to the rule. Mr. Lee himself admits that â€Å"at a first glance a far larger proportion of Shakespeare’s sonnets give the reader the illusion of personal confessions than those of any contemporary;† and elsewhere he recognizes in them more â€Å"intensity† than appears in the earlier poems except in â€Å"occasional utterances† of Lucrece; but, for all that, he would have us believe that they are not personal, and that their â€Å"superior and more evenly sustained energy is to be attributed, not to the accession of power that comes with increase of years, but to the innate principles of the poetic form, and to metrical exigencies which impelled the sonneteer to aim at a uniform condensation of thought and language.† I cannot help agreeing with those who regard their personal character as no â€Å"illusion,† and who believe that they clearly show the increase of power which comes with years, their true date probably being 1597-98 rather than 1593-94. For myself, I could as soon believe the penitential psalms of David to be purely rhetorical and fictitious as the 129th Sonnet, than which no more remorseful utterance was ever wrung from a soul that had tasted the ashes to which the Sodom-apples of illicit love are turned in the end. Have we there nothing but the â€Å"admirable fooling† of the actor masquerading in the garb of the penitent, or the satirist mimicking the conceits and affectations of the sonneteers of the time? If this is supposed to be the counterfeit of feeling, I can only exclaim with Leonato in Much Ado, â€Å"O God! Counterfeit! There was never counterfeit of passion came so near the life of passion!†