Henry Fleming and The red Badge of Courage :: Red Badge Courage Essays

atomic number 1 Fleming and The red Badge of Courage       The main character of this book is atomic number 1 Fleming, mostly referred to as The Youth or Youth. The Youth has dark, curly brown hair also he is a young teenager and is average upper side when compared to the Tall Soldier. total heat is insecure because he is going through a difficult stage between beingness a man and being a boy. Henry cant wait to get to war when he signs up but during the book Henry learns that war has a lot of affects on flock emotionally and physically. Henrys flaw is that he is aquaphobic of making himself look bad and he is worried that he is going to be a coward and run outside(a) from battle. Henry really wants to be a man and be courageous. I once heard a swim coach give an extremely true(p) definition of courage. He said To me courage is not to be unafraid but it is to be afraid but one does it anyways and doesnt worry about being afraid. I think Henry though t of courageous as fearless and that is also part of his flaw.   The first time Henrys flaw gets him in trouble is in chapter 10 and when he gets his chance to go into battle he flees. He at first thinks the war is boring but he soon learns that war is very frightening. When Henry flees he also shows insecurity when he tries to make up an excuse for why he wasnt with the rest of the regiment. Henry thinks very sick of himself at this point and really anyone would run from a war, I dont think he was ready.   The second time Henrys flaw is evident is in chapter 12 when Henry tries to stop a man to ask what is going on with the battle since he ran away. The man was also trying to get away and hit Henry on the head with his rifle. This is evidence of his flaw because if he hadnt run away then he wouldnt have to bother this man. Henry is also too afraid to go back without any knowledge of what happened.   The first time Henrys flaw improves is when he is mad at himself for running away from the battle and he begins to tie in to nature.

Slavery Today and How Can We End It :: essays research papers

-ChildrenDangerous working conditions and long hours is an everyday reality for 14 percent of children today. Using children for flashy boil is common in many countries. Some of these children have never attended school or dropped out after a few years. believe that every child has the right to knowledge and playtime, thousands of flock from every corner of the world marched to undertakeher to say no to child labor in 1998 chthonian the banner of ?Global March Against Child Labor?. The international community responded by drafting the International Labor Organization Convection against the worst forms of child labor. From these efforts, the meshing of organizations under the umbrella of Global March Against Child Labor was born. Global March works worldwide to promote every child?s right to meaningful education and freedom from exploitation and dangerous labor. In my opinion I still think that if kids want a job and want an education then they should have a choice. Global March is now asking people to sign to the Keep Your Promises petition. This campaign reminds governments of their commitments to keep children out of dangerous labor environments, provide universal education. I believe children should make the most of their childhood and have fun with it Children shouldn?t be trapped into slavery, the children shouldn?t be shed to wars, children shouldn?t be the victims of the adult created sins and problems, children have to enjoy their childhood and that is the most important thing to me.-WomenThere ar many similarities the way women today are treated and the slave institution which was the most devastating system in this countrys history. First of all, slavery was a system of degradation that destroyed the self-esteem, self-worth, and the self-importance of the people considered slaves. This system enabled the white upper class to create a level of servitude and a mentality that still exists. The slaves were thought of as free labor that was rigid on earth to serve the Europeans, particularly men. Well, women today are considered by society to be second-class citizens that are expected to serve men. So the servitude be intimate didn?t die.The slaves were considered to be property and were given the last name of their owners, so that people would know whom they belonged to when they encountered them. This was a way of claiming them as property. The same thing exists today. When women get married today, they take the last name of their husband.

The Power of DNA in the Courtroom Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

The Power of DNA in the Courtroom In 1893, Francis Galton introduced a remarkable new way to identify people (Fingerprinting pg 1 par 3). His observation that each individual has a unique set of fingerprints revolutionized the initiation of forensics. Soon, all investigators had adapted the idea to use fingerprints as a form of identification. Unfortunately, over the course of the past century, criminals have adapted to this technique and seldom generate their incriminating marks at the crime scene. Forensics specialists were in need of a new way to identify criminals, and DNA provided the answer. When it comes to genetic material, it is virtually impossible for a criminal to leave a crime scene clean. Whether it is a hair, flakes of skin, or a fragment of fingernail, if it contains genetic material then it has potential to incriminate. However, there be still concerns regarding DNA reproduce. What are the implications of using these tests in a courtroom scenario? What happens when DNA tests go awry? It is debatable whether or not DNA fingerprinting has a place in Americas court systems. The developed technique behind DNA profiling is fairly new. According to the National Research Council (NRC), this method has been close to for about ten years. They go on to say that despite reproducibility and reliability of the methods and despite the potential power of the technique, there are serious reservations about its actual use (NRC pg 1). Still, laboratories across the United States have undergone technological advances to bring DNA testing to the local level. These up-dated labs now have the equipment and means to handle genetic evidence, scarce the public must be ready to accept this ne... ...advances in genetic technology, and I believe it will not allow the courts to base their decisions solely on genetic evidence until all procedures are accurately performed. This is, after all, just one more system of identification, one tha t may prove to be regular more momentous than Galtons fingerprints ever were. Works Cited Ballantyne, Jack, George Sensabaugh, and Jan Witkowski. DNA Technology and Forensic Science. New York Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989. Fingerprinting. Homepage. 1 May, 1997. AIMS Education Foundation. 22 October, 1999. <http//www.aimsedu.org/activities/gimmefive/gimme2.html>. National Research Council. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence. Washington, D.C. National Academy Press, 1996. Singer, Colin R.. DNA Testing. Homepage. 22 October, 1999. <http//www.singer.ca/dna.html>

Biggers Self Realization in Native Son Essay -- Native Son Essays

Biggers Self Realization in Native Son Although today we live in a nation, which has abolished slavery, the gap between the whites and the blacks during the early stages of Americas development has but carried into the present. In Native Son, author Richard Wright illustrates this racial gap, in addition to demonstrating how white oppression upon blacks is capable of producing r stillgeful individuals, not to mention being an immoral act as in itself. Bigger Thomas is one of those individuals, who discovers his capacity to rebel through acts of murder against the white society, which has for long oppressed his family, friends, and himself. By tracing Biggers psyche from originally the murder of bloody shame Dalton, into the third book of the novel, and into the subconscious depths of the final scene, the development of Biggers self realization becomes evident. An entire period of Biggers life, up until the murder of Mary Dalton, portrays him chthonic a form of slav ery, where the white society governs his state of being. While he worked for the Daltons, his courage to live depended upon how successfully his fear was hidden from his consciousness(44), and hate besides builds on top of this fear. Once he is in contact with Mary, his fears and hate pour out in a rebellious act of murder, because to Bigger Mary symbolizes the white oppression. In addition, he committed the act, because it had made him feel free for the first time in his life(255). At last he feels he is in control of his actions and mentality. He rebels against the burden of the white mans torment. He had been scared and mad all . . . his life... ... between Bigger and Max. Consequently, from this study of Biggers psyche, it is evident that the Bigger That expertness Have Been is basically a decent man such a result to become of Bigger, however, may only occur if Biggers father was present, his family was not so impoverished, or even if he had maintained his job wor king honestly for the Daltons. To produce the Bigger That Might Have Been, slavery should never have occurred Sources Cited and Consulted Collier-Thomas, John et al. Chronology of the Civil Rights Movement. Chicago, IL Henry Holt & Company, Inc., January 2000. Neskahi, Arlie. Anger Cycle Model. February 2003, 1998. http//www.rainbowwalker.com/anger/cycle.html Wright, Richard. Native Son. 1940. New York, NY First Perennial Classics, a division of HarperCollins Publishers, 1998.

The Unknown Prevalence of Youth Gambling Essay -- Gamble Winning Win E

The Unknown Prevalence of Youth GamblingA childs motivation to begin gaming is obvious. Even at an early age children are trained to worship winning. They are taught the tortoise is the best because he wins the race. From this elementary lesson, children develop a tendency to idolize the winners and discount the losers. Children observe gambling and have an inclination to satisfy the player raking in armfuls of chips, not the player across the table slowly losing a workweeks pay at the black jack tables. They see Las Vegas portrayed in the media as a place to go to win money. They do not see the gamblers who leave the town with an empty bank account and a potential inability to provide for their families. By looking at the gambling enculturation in this idealized way, children are inclined to gamble when the opportunity presents itself. They may begin innocently by entering into their fathers office pussycat or wagering on baseball games with their friends, but the fact is many of these children will find themselves facing a gambling problem in years to come. I began gambling when I was thirteen with sports pools and friendly wagers with friends. Only quaternity years later I found myself immersed in the culture of gambling risking my money four nights a week in poker games. When I had started gambling, the stakes were only fifty cents, but now thirty and forty dollars were up for grabs. By the time I was eighteen, even these stakes were no longer enough for me. I decided that the casinos in Atlantic City were the only venues with payoffs large enough to gormandise my hunger for gambling. On nothing more than an impulse I set off on a three hour drive, bound for certain victory. I found a seat at the black jack tables in Bally... ...tions. However, the nation will not take action any time soon, not without a push. As members of a society we must do our part to increase awareness about this issue. We must make an effort today to see th e adolescents dont gamble their tomorrow away.Works CitedEckart, Dennis. Advancement of an Emerging Science. 2003. content Center for Responsible Gaming. 10 Sept. 2003 .Moiduddin, Adil. Gambling Impact and Behavior Study. 2003. The National Opinion Research Center. 10 Sept. 2003 .Willenz, Pamela. Pathological Gambling More Prevalent Among Youths Than Adults, Study Finds. 2003. American Psychological Association. 11 Sept. 2003 .

The Unknown Prevalence of Youth Gambling Essay -- Gamble Winning Win E

The Unknown Prevalence of Youth loosenessA childs motivation to begin gambling is obvious. Even at an early age children are trained to idolize winning. They are taught the tortoise is the best because he wins the race. From this elementary lesson, children take a tendency to idolize the winners and discount the losers. Children observe gambling and have an inclination to see the player raking in armfuls of chips, not the player across the panel slowly losing a weeks pay at the black jack tables. They see Las Vegas portrayed in the media as a place to go to win money. They do not see the gamblers who leave the town with an empty bank account and a potential inability to provide for their families. By flavour at the gambling conclusion in this idealized way, children are inclined to gamble when the opportunity presents itself. They may begin innocently by entering into their sticks office pool or wagering on baseball games with their friends, but the fact is many of thes e children will find themselves facing a gambling riddle in years to come. I began gambling when I was thirteen with sports pools and friendly wagers with friends. Only four years later I found myself immersed in the culture of gambling risking my money four nights a week in poker games. When I had started gambling, the stakes were exactly fifty cents, but now thirty and xl dollars were up for grabs. By the time I was eighteen, even these stakes were no longer enough for me. I decided that the casinos in Atlantic City were the only venues with payoffs large enough to satiate my hunger for gambling. On nothing more than an impulse I set off on a three arcminute drive, bound for certain victory. I found a seat at the black jack tables in Bally... ...tions. However, the nation will not take put through any time soon, not without a push. As members of a society we must do our part to increase awareness about this issue. We must impart an effort today to see the adolesce nts dont gamble their tomorrow away.Works CitedEckart, Dennis. Advancement of an Emerging Science. 2003. National Center for Responsible Gaming. 10 Sept. 2003 .Moiduddin, Adil. Gambling Impact and Behavior Study. 2003. The National Opinion Research Center. 10 Sept. 2003 .Willenz, Pamela. Pathological Gambling More Prevalent Among Youths Than Adults, Study Finds. 2003. American Psychological Association. 11 Sept. 2003 .

Memorable Moments with My Sibling Essay

A human relationship with a sibling is invariablylasting last longer than the bond with a spouse, parent, or friend. Have you ever thought about the eons you have spent with your siblings? Those are memorable moments that I would always cherish. The bond with my sibling taught me many lessons in life. My childhood relationship with my sibling has c attend toed since I became an adult. The communication and the people we associate with had changed between us. During any oppression we had gone through, our love still remains the same.Since adolescence my younger sister, propagation, and I were inseparable. We were want the cartoon characters Tom and Jerry. Genesis used to sort me everything I was like her secret diary. For example, Genesis would come home to our two bedroom apartment from Attucks pump school and used to tell me how wonderful or miserable her day went. When she had a delightful day coming home would be satisfying and a little annoying for me. She would tell me h ow stunning a boy was in her class and was disturbing for me.I didnt want to hear about her Prince Charming. However, you could tell when she had a dreadful day, she would come home slamming the front door and leaving an echo in the vague hallway. She would run to our cluttered room and jump on her twin size bed. Walking towards her I could hear her calling my name Eric. I said Genesis are you feeling ok, whats wrong? Genesis said There is a boy in my math class calling me a nerd. I would then comfort her by giving her a hug and tell her notto worry.You know what they call nerds in the future? Boss I said. Genesis always felt safe around me I was there to protect her from any harm like a father figure. However, I joined the United States Army our molded relationship became more distant. I would only see her physically when important events occurred. For instance, I saw her three months after I graduated from basic training in Fort Jackson, randomness Carolina. Communicating thro ugh Skype and the six hours difference between Germany and Florida makes it difficult to talk my sister.Our daily conversation about are experiences since we were younger became weekly or periodical as we matured. Overall, get on and the distance between us had caused our connection to fade. When I was younger I used to consider Genesis annoying, because of her eager desire to hang out with my friends living around Coolidge Street, Florida. For example, when I got invited to house parties, Genesis assumed she was automatically invited. Of course she was wrong a house full of 18 class old teenagers partying had no business interacting with a 14 year old girl.As I got older Genesis became a young adult the age difference didnt seem to matter anymore. Now that Genesis became mentally matured, she is acceptable to be in my group of friends. A couple of my friends spend time with my sister watching movies and taking her to different vicinities. My sister and friends took a trip to Rap ids Water Park in West Palm Beach, Florida. They enjoyed having a blast in the refreshing pool and the water coasters. In brief, since my sister and I share common friends, we socialize more than the past.The love between my sister and I go away remain the same. Even through any tribulation that had occurred toward us, we would always be there for each other. For example, my sister would try to hide the fact that she had a cultism of crossing the road every morning to the bus stop I had an intuition that she was, so every morning at 5 oclock I would walk my sister five blocks and crossthe street with her to the bus stop, sacrificing two hours of my sleep to ensure that she would arrive safely and according to schedule.Genesis is presently nineteen years old, she had two car accidents and is going through some hardships because she is unemployed and her insurance bill went up. I manage to help her financially until shes on her feet. Vice versa she also helps motivate me with her e ncouraging words and accomplishments. She graduated top ten percent of her graduating class and did early admissions while in broad(prenominal) school. I was discouraged to enroll into University of Maryland University College while being in the military by her achievements I was inspired to enroll into UMUC and take a write 101s course.As you can see, during any discomfort Genesis and I will go through, we will always take care of each other. In conclusion, since childhood my relationship with my sister has changed, our communication had faded over time. Some of the friends we spend time with, are the same. When we had gone through any problems, we would help each other. wherefore is our bond so strong? We had been there for each other our whole life. Even the distance between us, would never break our love for one another.

Passing: Debut Albums and Best Friend Essay

What is going to come now that the deed is done? What is the future for Irene? Did she push her or did she only fall? Clare was supposed to be Irenes vanquish friend. How could she push her? Clare has been passing through and now was spending a lot of time with Irene and Brian. Irene has now started to think that Clare and Brian are to entranceher. This hurt Irene her married man with her best friend how could they do that to her. Now she is spending all her time trying to find a way to save her life and family. Clare is having fun care her husband from knowing that she is half black. Clares husband finds proscribed and goes to the party that they are at, and Irene knows that if Clare gets freed from her husband. She will take Brain for positive(predicate). It all happened so fast Clare fell. Irene pushed her by the window. She didnt think she just pushed. What is going to happen to Irene was she seen and will she get in trouble?Irene has been upset for a week before the part y. Clare, Irenes best friend, was spending a lot of time with Brian and she is soundless hiding the fact that she is half black from her over racist white husband. All he does it displease black people constantly. Clare was beautiful as Irene would say. Irene didnt start to think there was anything wrong until a week ago. Irene was sure that Brain was mad at her. He had been is a bad mood all that last week. whence when Clare came over it was all good. This is what told Irene the truth she knew proper then and there that Brian had been cheating on her with Clare. Irene was hurt but what could she do. How was she going to be able to keep Brian? What was going to be her next move?Irene was thinking a lot she was not sure what to do. She thought virtually telling Clares husband, but she didnt know how to tell him. That wouldnt work if Clare was free from John then what is holding her butt from taking Brian away. No she couldnt let that happen. She couldnt lose Brian she just coul dnt. That night they were going to go to a party Irene didnt really call for to go she and Brian had just had a fight. She got ready to go. On the way up to the party Brian had Clare and Irene on his arms. It was bformer(a)ing her the way they acted around each other. Clare was standing by the window when John started pounding on the door. All Irene could think was John found out. Irene couldnt let her get freed. She just couldnt let ithappen. She ran for Clare and grabbed her arm. Then it happen it was so fast Clare fell out the window. How did it happen? What will happen next?Did she push her? Did she fall? Irene was freaking out, knowing what she had done. Then she had a terrible thought. What if she is however alive? She would lose Brian for sure if she was alive. She was going to drop to go down. Should she put on her coat? Felise had rushed down without any wrap. So had all the others. So had Brian. Brian He mustnt take cold(pg.178) So she went down the stairs. When she got down there she went to Brian. She gave him his coat, but he rapped it around her. People were implying what happened. Someone asked Irene what she saw, did Clare get pushed by her husband. Youre sure she fell? Her husband didnt give her a shove or anything like that?(pg.181) Irenes answer was short and sweet. Irene told them that Clare just fell. She said no one pushed her.I bet that Irene was going crazy after that. Would they find out? All Irene wants was to be free of Clare and live jubilantly with her husband. Now her life is unpredictable whats next what going to happen to her family. It is mostly going to be like this. Now that Clare is died Irene and Brian will be blessed again. For a while then Brian will get sad again and maybe he will want to leave Irene but wont because of their kids. Jack will feel the loss for a while but then he will go back to his racist way he will leave and go home to his daughter and he will tell her that he hates her and that her mother was ha ve black and a lot of other horrible things. He will try and kill her or he will send her away to a boarding school. He will neer want to see her again. He will find a racist white women and marry her.Irene will be scared and looking over her shoulders her succor of her life. Always worrying if they found out. Irene will want to start over and forget. She will never get too thought she will have to ask Brian to let them move. Irene will want to leave or at least move to a different house. She will never want to think about Clare again. That wont be possible because every party ever event she goes to she will think of what she has done to her best friend. She pushed her best friend out of a window after all she been though thou it still does not seem right and the biggest reminder of all is Brain.Every time she looks at Brian she will remember that her cheated on her with her best friend. Irene will never get away from the fact. She killed Clare. She was the one that pushed her out that windowIrene went through a lot. I was still not right for her to push Clare out of the window though. Irene was cheated on with her best friend. Brian was always miserable when he was with her and then when he saw Clare his mood did a flip. Clare was beautiful and Irene was not there was no way else to get Brian. She couldnt tell Clares husband he would have freed her and she would have taken Brian away. Then she would have been left with nothing at all. She had to keep Brian. So she pushed Clare out the window.That when her life changed she would never be the same. She would be worried all the time and unhappy. She would have never been happy again she had killed her best friend I know she was with her husband. It was still not right of her to push Clare out of a window. She did not deserve to die and for killing her Clare will suffer more then she has ever before. She will live the rest of her life with regret, and sorrow. She killed her best friend even if it was for the ri ght reason. It was still wrong to kill her. Irene will never again have a happy family. She will always have the pain that she didnt deserved in a way it was Clares last way of making her suffer.

Church History

divinity fudge is the Divine Author of a set of books, songs, narratives and earn that were written as a air for man to draw closer to Him through His loving Son rescuer the Christ. immortals vocalise is an expression of who God is and who His Son is. J. Scott Duv any and J. Daniel Hays wrote a book called Grasping Gods Word. Within this book, the causations inspire their readers by giving a detailed reason why we study the Bible. They say, The reason we study the Bible is that we want to try out Gods Word to us.They go on to say, The Bible was written by numerous human authors, but the divine aspect of it is inseequationably and cryptically interwoven into every verse. The term we use to describe this relationship between the divine role and the human role is inspiration. Inspiration can be delimitate as the process in which God directed individuals, incorporating their abilities and styles, to produce His message to humankind. 1 Our Bible is an inspired canon of the 39 h ave books of the experient will and the 27 books of the brisk will.The combined 66 books of the Old and New will form the orthodox belief which was founded upon the inspired moving of God among man and creation. What were the events and movements that were influential in the recognition of the canonical books? Further much, what methodology was used by the applicable individuals and councils that deemed these 66 books the inspired Word of God? In her work titled, The Establishment of Christian Orthodoxy of the divine Bible, Kathy McFarland gives us a very in depth understanding of the foundation of orthodoxy and the establishment of canon.I will begin by reviewing her thought close the foundation of orthodoxy. McFarland states, Both Christians and pagans were shocked by the heretical ideas that were developing by the late second-century. Irenaeus, a Christian author who re poseed the mainstream, non-gnostic Christianity, wrote a book struggle Gnosticism because it denigrated th e material world, removing the ability for Gods active interest from being expressed, and separated the God of the Old Testament from the God of the New. Tertullian agreed with Irenaeus that the Christian faith originated with Jesus and open a standard which belief could be tested.As Tertullian put it in his Prescription against the heretics, It is clear that all doctrine which agrees with the apostolic churches those moulds and original sources of the faith mustiness be considered true, as undoubtedly containing what those churches received from the apostles, the apostles from Christ, Christ from God. And all doctrine must be considered false which contradicts the truth of the churches and apostles of Christ and God. This apostolic principle became passing important in later centuries as the orthodox standards of faith were established. Now we have an understanding of the foundation of orthodoxy, I will now delve into McFarland thoughts on the establishment of the canon.Christ ians possessed the literary productions by the apostles and their disciples that they believed expressed the rule of faith in written form by the time of Irenaeus and Tertullian, Most of the local churches deep down the Roman world agreed to which writings should be included in the NT canon by the second century however, this agreement was not formalized until the third base council of Carthage in 397. Most scholars believe that the New Testament canon was completed by A.D. 100, if not earlier. They would read these writings in the practice of their faith as they met, and thought of these writings as equal to the writings the Jewish watchword.The Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament), was in the Canon as the New Testament began to be added over a period of 400 years. The basis for including a book in Scripture was app arent within the process of declaring the Christian Canon, and required that separately addition be prophetic, authoritative, authentic, life-tr ansforming, widely recognized as the Word of God and reliable.Those declared inspired were of two basic categories of both eyewitness accounts of the Messiah (the Gospels), and letters from key witnesses written to various groups of believers (the Epistles). Concentrated effort was made to establish the authoritative collection of inspired books of the Bible into the Canon during the fourth century however, on that point had been earlier attempts to tendency the acceptable books. The Muratorian Canon had listed all the books of the Bible except for 1 John, 1 and 2 Peter, Hebrews and James around A.D. 180, and the Syriac Version of the Canon lists all of the books except Revelation in the third century.The apocryphal writings were seen as less than inspired by the fourth century, and many of the books previously held in game regard were beginning to disappear, as the formal establishment of Canon began. Both the East and the West Churches established their Canons in the fourth cen tury on the criterion of maintaining a connection to the apostles or their immediate disciples in the collection of writings.Athanasius of Alexandria listed the complete 27 books of the New Testament for the Eastern Church, while Jerome listed just 39 Old Testament books with our present-day 27 New Testament ones for the West Church. The resulting Vulgate Bible, translated by Jerome to Latin, was used throughout the Christian world. The Synods of Carthage confirmed the 27 books of the New Testament of our present day Bibles in 397 and 418. 2 We have taken a look into the thoughts of Kathy McFarland. Now lets take a journey into the mind of Sam A. Smith, the author of Important Truths About the Bible, Part 2 How and Where Did We Get Our Bible? Smith makes the following observations about the canonicity of the books of the Bible Canonicity refers to a books status, as to whether or not it should be regarded as divinely authoritative (inspired) and thus worthy to be included within th e canon (the group of writings recognized as the Word of God).Perhaps you have wondered how the wee church knew which books should be regarded as part of the Bible, and which ones should be excluded (like Tobit, Judith, Baruch, the Gospel of Thomas)? Many people mistakenly think that round(a) group of church officials at the council of Nicia in A.D. 325 sat down and voted on which books they thought should be included and thats how we got our Bible. But that simply isnt the way it happened. Actually, so far as we can determine, each target group to which a portion of Scripture was addressed straightway recognized it as Scripture on a par with all another(prenominal) Scripture. This is true of both Old Testament and New Testament Scriptures. Note the following examples of how Scripture was immediately recognized as the Word of God by the target audience. Moses writings were placed beside the Ark of the Covenant (Deut. 3124-29).Daniel, a contemporary of Jeremiah, regarded Jeremiah s prophetic writings as Scripture (Dan. 91-2 cf. Jer. 2511). Peter recognized Pauls writing as being on a par with the Old Testament Scriptures (2 Pet. 314-16). Church councils only stated the churches official recognition on the books that had long since been received, and denied equal status to more recent, spurious registers. In order to understand how we came to have the specific sixty-six books that are in our Bible we need to look at the formation of the Old Testament and New Testament canons individually. The word canon means authority, or standard by which other things are judged. The word canon when used of Scripture refers to the books deemed to be authoritative, i. e. , Gods Word. The Protestant canon contains sixty-six books. The Roman Catholic canon is longer, having added several books in the sixteenth century which were not regarded as canonical by the early churchto which effect Jerome included a notation in his Latin translation. Lets look at the status of the Old Testament and New Testament canons.The question of which books should be included in the Old Testament is fairly simple and was settled before Christ was born. Note the following. 1) barely for the Sadducees, who only accepted the books of Moses, the Jewish people regarded as Scripture the same thirty-nine books as the Protestant church today (though they had them arranged so that rough books now split were combined, e. g. , 1 & 2 Samuel). 2) The Old Testament that Jesus used was essentially the same as the one used today. ) The Old Testament apocryphal books accepted by the Roman Catholic Church in the sixteenth century were never accepted as Scripture by Jesus or the Jewish people nor did the early Church accept them. 4) Early quotations of the apocryphal books by some church fathers (Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria and Cyprian)none of whom were Old Testament or Hebrew scholarsoccurred at a time when the extent of the Old Testament canon was not well understood (esp ecially by non-Jewish religious leaders), and some may have mistakenly thought that these books had been an accepted part of the Hebrew canon, when in fact they were not.Concerning the New Testament canon, since the gospels and the letters that were written to the early churches were scattered over the Roman Empire, it took a bit of time for the churches to assess what they had and to weed out common letters from those received as the inspired Word of God. There was very little pressure to do this until suspicious enters began to show up in key doctrinal disputes. Then it became necessary to determine the cathode-ray oscilloscope of the New Testament canon.It is extremely important to understand that the early church did not determine which books would become Scripture they merely endeavored to recognize which books the churches had already received as Scripture, and to exclude spurious documents. Such tests werent arbitrary they were derived from what the church leaders already k new about the character of Scripture from those books of undisputed authenticity. The following are some of the questions the early church used to assess the status of a document in question.1) Does the writing claim to be inspired, and is its message consistent with other books of undisputed authenticity? 2) Is the author a recognized servant of God (an apostle, prophet, or early church leader)? 3) Are there good reasons to believe the document was written at the time and by the author from whom it purports to have originated? (In other words Is it authentic? ) 4) Is the document factually correct? 5) Does the document claim to be authoritative (i. e. , the word of the Lord)? 6) Is the document in doctrinal agreement with other accepted books? ) Is there any evidence of fulfilled prophecy in the document? 7) Does the book have a universal character (i. e. , a message that transcends the local culture and milieu)? 8) Is the message of the document sublime (that is, based on what we hunch about God from other received books, can we conceive of God saying the things contained in the document)? Dont get the idea that this exact list of questions was checked off for each and every book or document, but generally if a document was challenged it was challenged on the grounds of one or more of the issues raised by these questions.

Bowles-Simpson Essay

Bowles-Simpson Proposal Essay By the year 2012, the American economy has crossed through large paths of downfall and unsustainability. Many aspects of such inconsistency peal this issue foreign debt, public consumption, and real state price drops are some facts that indicate an unstable economy. Furthermore, current president of the United States Barack Obama has approved a plan that will help stabilize the economy in the immense run this plan has targeted to stamp down the federal deficit by cutting spending and raising levyes.Moreover, this plan was introduced in 2010 by co chairs Alan Simpson and Erskine Bowles of President Barack Obamas deficit commission as stated above, to raise the economy in the long run. As of now, revenue isnt much of a problem, but spending is. Since debt is rising due to spending (taking only this example), the private sector is put in risk of macrocosm put out of the market. This would affect small businesses, which are a strength in the American e conomy since they will not be able to grow and create more jobs, which simultaneously helps the economy.Indeed, the goal of this plan is to sign deficit to 2. 2% of the gross domestic product by 2015, reduce deficit growth between now and 2020 by 3. 8 trillion dollars, and reduce debt as percentage of gross domestic product to 40% by 2037. All this is being linked with the reduction of spending and tax rises. Accordingly, this plan induces a huge tax reform due to the fact that the current tax rates would be modified. In addition, the alternative minimum tax would be discriminated, as well as the child tax credit and the mortgage interest deduction.It is calculated that if this is taken in mind, there would be a deduction of $ 1. 1 of tax expenditures and in should increase tax revenues. Consequently, it seems that eliminating the mortgage interest deduction would mark a difference positively since it is one of the key elements funding an overemphasis on homeownership in the Unit ed States. On the other hand, eliminating the health amends deduction would cause a healthcare reform. That deduction is actually a pillar of the current employer-based health insurance system. Thus, removing this deduction will orce families move on into the individual health insurance market, if no other adjustments are done. Mean turn, the proposal expects to raise the cap on taxable wages through 2050 to cover 90 % of all national wages. This would simultaneously increase the programs revenues and would alike increase the total payments going out. Moreover, one thing that the Bowles-Simpson plan aims for revenues to be capped at 21 % of GDP and spending to be brought down to the same level. Such target is actually a redundant number. In order to achieve these cuts, some tactics agree been put in the table.One item that increases the revenues in the plan is its provision to include newly hired state and local workers after 2020. This would in the near terminal figure tap more tax revenue for the system and in the long run would obligate additional benefit payments. Also, this provision does not contribute to long-run Social Security sustainability. If it were dropped, then the plan would tilt in the direction of cost containment over almost any time period measured. Medicare takes a free part in the proposal since the root is to hold growth of federal health spending to growth of GDP by 1 %.Such cuts are proposed by paying less(prenominal) to doctors, as well as drug companies, and health care providers. Nevertheless, a reform on kindly security has put in place as well, and it is to add minimum benefits for minimum wage workers to ensure that they are above the poverty level. In other words, the plan aims to ensure that no one retires into poverty after a full working career. On the other hand, this does not reduce cost but it actually increases them. The plan to reduce cost is to make a balance under the benefits by offering fewer benefits for the more wealthy being.Such action will change the current social security savings plans will no longer be at a long term for individuals, but a more or less direct welfare program. Hence, the Bowles-Simpson proposal is indeed a fairly tax increase and highly progressive, not to forget that the main goal of this proposal is to eliminate almost all tax expenditures. Putting the numbers on the table, in 2015, the lowest earners would face an average cut in their after-tax income of 3. 4 percent or about $ 400. For middle-income households, there would be a cut of 4 percent on their after-tax income.And on the top of the mountain, while will be cataloged as the highest earners, they would have about 5. 3 % or about $ 70,000. It seems that the numbers do not lie the low-income households and the top income households would be hit by a tax increase, while the upper middle class would have a small tax cut of 1 percent. In conclusion, this plan is a step forward with a few points, which I di sagree. First, the measurements on tax rates seem fairly reasonable but it does not seem to mark a tax reform. The tax code is still under its same complexity.It looks like it would bring revenue, but there are still politics to be discussed. Additionally, it does not seem to put that tax cuts be used to eliminate national debt. On the other hand, it proposes to cut on health care spending since health care costs are pretty high, which simultaneously brings more national debt. As well, I think the proposal have some kind of gaps, but there is also a debate between republicans and democrats, to see if there is a balance in between both sides since republicans do not really like the idea of tax increases, and democrats are unhappy about the spending caps.

Stress Urinary Incontinence In Women Health And Social Care Essay

Stress urinary incontinency ( SUI ) can impact up to 1 in 3 large females between the ages of 16 to 65 old ages of age ( Fantl, 1996 ) doing it non an uncommon unwellness which frequently goes untreated imputable to embarrassment and low audience rates. There ar a scope of causes of SUI although it is normally related back to a general weakening of the pelvic floor musculuss. However chief types of adult females affected are the aged ( Maggi, Minicuci, Langlois, Parvan, Enzi & A Crepaldi, 2001 ) and female parents that have delivered via a natural kid birth.Differences in haul per unit field of honorIn a normal oddment between vesica and urethral force per unit area, the urethra force per unit area commonly wins, ensuing in the musculuss staying tight and closed, safekeeping in piss. However, activities much(prenominal) as coughing, express joying, sneezing or physical activity, such as raising heavy objects, lead raise intraabdominal force per unit area which will in bend alteration vesica force per unit area doing incontinency ( Abrams, Stanton, Griffiths, Rosier, Ulmsten, Van Kerrebroeck, Victor & A Wein, 2002 ) . Normal elimination of the vesica is due to this force per unit area displacement besides nevertheless in SUI the force is nonvoluntary. In SUI there is yet a deficiency of strength keeping these musculuss closed which is why sudden alterations in intraabdominal force per unit area can do the release of piss.DiagnosisInitial diagnosing is simple with this unwellness and there is merely one major and obvious symptom ( with other minor symptoms that are secondary to the urinary incontinency ) . Diagnosis can merely happen if the patent is to show the symptom to a physician or medical practician, otherwise the issue can travel closely untreated.Doctors will look at to travel through scope of enduring proving to acquire a conclusive diagnosing. An accurate tolerant history will be required for things such as diet ( drinks high in water pills ) or old gestation ( weakening of the pelvic musculuss ) will necessitate to be noted ( Long, Giri & A Flood, 2008 ) . Patients may necessitate to be referred onto specializers such as Urologists or Gynecologists for uranalysis and physical scrutinies severally.HistoryArnold Kegel ( 1894-1981 ) was a gynecologist and the discoverer of the Kegel Perineometer ( an instrument applied to mensurating vaginal ancestry force per unit area ) and the Kegel exercises which he developed after he recognised the strength lack in SUI sick persons. The term Kegels has become substitutable with pelvic floor beef uping. In 1948 he published a paper titled The nonsurgical intervention of venereal relaxation usage of the perineometer as an assistance in reconstructing anatomic and drawal construction . His initial research used corpses, which proved to be useless after musculus wasting had adapt in. After trying to name utilizing merely internal tactual exploration straight onto the affected musculuss, he created the Perineometer apparatus designed to mensurate from nothing to 100mmHg of force per unit area. After 30 designs and 18 old ages of Kegel s research and instance surveies, the original device has lead the manner for more modern electromyography perineometers which broadside electrical activity across the musculus alternatively of force per unit area exerted over the pubococcygeus. His groundbreaking research allowed adult females who antecedently were non cognizant, to understand that the hummock of musculuss could be contracted voluntarily ( Kegel 1948 ) .Physiology & A Tissues injuredThe affects of PregnancyDay & A Goad ( 2010 ) depict the pelvic floor as the knoll of musculuss, require downing at the pubic bone at the forepart of the pelvic girdle and passing between the legs to the base of the spinal column . This big free radical of musculuss ( known as the Pubococcygeus ) work together to back up the direct internal variety meats, comm and the intestine and vesica from releasing, play a function in sexual activity and of class, childbearing ( Haslam, 2004 ) . There are a battalion of endocrines be created and released during gestation, one in peculiar is Relaxin. Relaxin is a peptide endocrine that is produced by the principal luteum of the ovaries that encourages the ligaments and soft tissue to go more elastic to advance an easier birth ( Day 2010 ) .There is no uncert personalty that gestation is a traumatic experience on a adult female s organic structure. The violent birth procedure can do lacrimation of the vagina and the anal sphincter muscle which can take anyplace from hebdomads or months to mend. The mechanics of childbearing are consistent with the form of hurt of SUI. The chief musculuss affected in SUI are the levator ani and coccygeus musculuss which together form the pelvic stop. Herschorn ( 2004 ) writes that it is of import to observe that a combination of effectual smooth, striated and connecti ve tissue are indispensable for a urethral sphincter to be functional and watertight. All of these musculuss and tissues together are responsible for counterbalancing and fastening farther when intraabdominal force per unit areas change. While the womb can take anyplace from 6 to 8 hebdomads to travel return to its original size, frequently the pelvic floor neer to the full regains its initial strength and stringency ( Barton, 2004 ) .PrognosisWhat does this mean for our patient?Ideally, preventive strengthening is the ideal to advance the best recovery for this hurt. However, because Lucy has already had 3 natural childbearings, we can look to re-strengthening the pelvic floor musculuss with exercising. In the most terrible instances, surgery is recommended to mend the loss of tenseness and force per unit area. The most common signifier of surgery is the interpolation of a sling, which can be inserted laparoscopically or with minimum invasion via the vagina ( Daneshgari, Paraiso, K aouk, Govier, Kozlowski & A Kobashi, 2006 ) . The sling is a narrow strap designed to sit under the urethra and can be made from man-made mesh or the patients ain tissues, donated from another country of the organic structure. Another impermanent step is the usage of Bulking injections ( Day & A Goad, 2010 ) . It s classified as impermanent because the process needs to be re-done about every 18 months. It involves the injection of substances that help maintain the urethra closed. The substances range from natural collagen, which can bring off an allergic reaction in some patients, through to coaptite which is wholly man-made and more lasting.Suggested exercising suitable to lifestyle, hurt, recoveryTechniqueWith aright and regular periodical exercising from the patient, we can anticipate to compute consequences within 6 hebdomads ( Choi, Palmer & A Park, 2007 ) . The Kegel exercising required can be described as fastening your pelvic musculuss as if you are seeking to keep ba ck from go throughing air current whilst straining around a tampon in your vagina at the same time. Because the knoll of musculuss tallies from the anal sphincter laterally to run into with the forepart of the pubic bone, insulating merely the vaginal musculuss of the pelvic floor is highly hard in modern patients hence integrating the anal sphincter contraction is portion of the acquisition procedure and is still found to be rather effectual. Patients can look into right technique by sitting on a steadfast run and executing a set of Kegel exercises If they feel themselves move upward from the surface of the chair due to force per unit area exerted, so the action has been achieved right.BiofeedbackThis is where Biofeedback comes in to play. Peterson ( 2008 ) writes that biofeedback allows adult females to place, insulate, contract, and loosen up the pelvic floor musculuss either on their ain or whilst utilising equipment. It is a type of behavioral therapy that creates feedback or consciousness about a physiological organic structure motion or action. Because there is such a concentration of musculus groups in a little country, patients may hold issues with designation and isolation. One suggestion would be for the patient to self-palpate their vagina during a contraction, usually whist bathing and reclining. One of the most effectual methods of supplying biofeedback is the usage of a stimulation investigation. The investigation is inserted into the vagina and shows visible radiations or graphs when the correct musculuss are being tightened. Tiny electrodes are attached to both the interior and out of the pelvic part, mensurating where and when force per unit area & A electricity are activated during a musculus contraction. Optimal biofeedback therapy uses a wages and acknowledgment type trunk to educate the patient with right and wrong musculus visual images ( Abdelghany, Hughes, Lammers, Wellbrock, Buffington & A Shank, 2001 ) . The patients see the r ight colors illuming up when right musculuss are engaged which provides positive support and furthermore, musculus memory. The natural re-training of the musculuss, coupled with a computerised ocular and audio feedback system shows the patient the direct relation to the physical control mechanism. Further methods are designed to recover optimization and the upper-hand in vesica control and release. The technique requires the patient to redact how the pelvic floor musculuss react when the vesica begins to make full, re-training it to keep for longer periods of clip. This is designed to promote the vesica to make full to its normal subject before directing signals to the encephalon to empty or slop the piss. The intervention enhances the right musculuss required to lock-down the vesica successfully via the right sums of force per unit area needed.Exercise and vesica journalsIt would be advisable for Lucy to maintain a journal of her Kegel exercisings and any cases of urinary incont inency, so she can supervise her ain betterments and progresss which will affirm personal motive. If she wishes to maintain a more advanced diary she can take to enter relative frequency of micturition, lessening of incontinency episodes & A type, volume and frequence of unstable consumption. Initially they are helpful in set uping the badness of the urinary incontinency as clip goes on it will enter and denounce for the patient the incremental positive alterations that may otherwise travel lost.

How Mass Media Affects Youth Culture

Educators atomic number 18 challenged more heavyly than perpetually before to t for each one five-year-old people to quantify media more critically and to grow in taste and discrimination as they use media in school and at home. What is it like to grow up in todays world? How ar children and young adults moveed by the movies and tv set professionalgrams they perk, the radio classs and recordings they hear, the unsandedspapers, magazines, and books they read? Modern technology has made possible a wealth of shared experience undreamed of even 50 years ago. This environment reflects fully, though sometimes in a warped fashion, life itselfincluding good and evil, beauty and ugliness, munificence and violence. It is difficult or impossible to shield young people from experiences reflect ing the adult world when communications sys tems infiltrate our homes and become so much a part of everyday living. The concerns of thoughtful adults as to the possible pitchs of media on young and old citi zens range from the more obvious ones to those more subtle. There are fears as to the content of media violence, lawlessness, breakdown in moral values, and tawdry and explicit sex, for example. There are other fears as to the general effect of a video recording-dominated fiat in which viewers tend to be passive and nonassertive, young people construct inadequate time for other experiences, and parents use video recording as a safe baby-sitter.A proper assessment of the influence of mass media on young people continues to be one of the significant challenges to educators and parents today. Research in this area incessantly reveals the difficulties in arriving at sound conclusions due to the complexity of causal relationships. One critic has questioned the findings of all experi mental research in this area because of the impossibility of ever having a defensible control group. The influence of mass media on adults is closely related to their influence on youn g peo ple, and just as difficult to study. The optimistic values in todays mass media are also significant.Young people today, without leaving home, can hear the worlds best music and witness superb musical performances, see outstanding drama and dance programs, hear EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP political and governmental leaders of the nation and the world analyze major provides of the day, and learn of scientific advances and problems. Mass media bring information, inspiration, andenrichment that potentially improve the quality of our living. Nicolas Johnson, formerly of the Federal Communications Commission, has studied the media environment for many years.In 1971, he concluded that tv set is the wiz most powerful intellectual, social, cultural, and political force in history. He also found that most Amer ican families use television as the major source of cognition and values. Dorothy Broderick, a library educator, has written that media do much more than provide information. Sh e says, . . . they do have an im pact and influence upon behavior and attitudeformation, even though it is still impossible to isolate in research the precise nature of such influence. Access to Television Has Increased While all forms of communication affect learning and living, the influence of television seems most challenging. Television most nearly represents real experience and is clearly a part of the environment of most young people in the United States. Access to television has increased remark ably. Breslin and Marino reported that while less than one percent of all American families have television sets in 1948, by 1976, 98 percent ofAmerican homes had at least one television set, and 25 percent had two or more.The facts just about usage of these sets encourage serious consideration of televisions influence. The average child in this country leave have used 22,000 hours in believe television by the time he or she enters high school. Gerbner and Gross re ported that ne arly half of the 12-year-olds stud ied averaged six or more hours a day viewing television.Summarizing research on the impact of television, George Comstock wrote in 1975 that children typically view television for several years before entering first grade, that the time spentwith television increases during elementary school years, and that young black people, those from lower socioeconomic levels, and those lower in While all forms of communication affect learning and living, the influence of television seems most challenging. Photo Michael D. Sullivan academic achievement and I. Q. spend more time viewing television than do other young people. In 1971, it was reported in B roadcasting Yearbook that the average TV set was on six hours a day in the United States. The number of viewers using each set during these hours was not determined.Wilbur Schramm reported in 1965 that by the sixth grade children spend 79 percent of their viewing time watching adult programs. some adults are known to spend time viewing car as well asns and adventure programs intended for children. To determine the experience that children or young adults have through television, one must(prenominal) con sider the whole range of television programs, in cluding those intended chiefly for adults news shows, comedies, variety shows, cartoons, motion pictures, documentaries, serious drama, sports events, music, advertisements, and other types shown on commercial, public, and political programs.The current concern about effects of violence and crime as depicted on television was highAPRIL 1978 527 reality and fantasy, use of violence to sell incite ucts, and censorship. Dr. Richard E. Palmer, a president of the American Medical Association, has said that tele vision violence is a mental health problem and an environmental issue. He feels that large ex posure to violent content may distort a childs perceptions of the real world and adversely affect his psychological development. Action for Childrens Television (ACT) is a national citizens government to upgrade thequality of childrens T. V.In 1976, among their Bent Antennae Awards were the Getting Away with Murder Award to broadcasters who use violence to attract child viewers and the Nero Fiddles While Rome burn down Award to broadcasters who talk about the need to reduce TV violence while continuing to air brutal and sadistic programs. While there is serious concern about the in fluence of television on young people, there is much controversy over what to do about it. One person with a plan for action is Richard E. Wiley, who, as Chairman of the Federal Communica tions Commission (FCC), spoke to the NationalAssociation of Secondary School Principals in 1976.Wiley rejected the idea that a high level of TV violence can be justified because it presents a realistic view of the world. He said, Few, if any, of our citizens in the real world will be ex posed to the levels of violence comparable to those which appear on t elevision almost every week. Wiley feels that specific governmental regu lations in this highly comminuted First Amendment Citizens Demonstrate Concern Area would not be desirable. Instead, he sug that the FCC . . . can play a constructive While research goes on, many citizens have gestsand more appropriate role at this point by focus recently demonstrated their concerns.The Na ing increased industry attention on the issue and tional P. T. A. s Television Commission has held a by encouraging the consideration of self-regula series of eight regional hearings on Television tory reforms. and Violence that encouraged parents and get a line as well as ers to consider seriously the content usage of television. Based on these hearings, in Family Viewing fancy which 505 persons testified, the Commission has The Family Viewing object is an example of warned that concerned citizens may propose economic boycott of TV products advertised on the type of self-regulation suggested.The three shows that feature violence. Other concerns were major networks and The Television calculate Board stereotyping both by race and sex, inferior role of The National Association of Broadcasters models for youth, reduced discrimination between adopted the plan to set apart the first three hours lighted recently in the trial in Miami, Florida, of 15-year-old Ronney Zamora, accused of robbing and killing his 82-year-old neighbor. The defense attorney presented the unusual defense that theboy is vindicated because his addiction to television violence has caused insanity.How may violence on television affect young people? What should be done about it in a coun try that believes in freedom of communication and the rights of its citizens to the free flow of information and ideas? Based on years of research, Albert Bandura has concluded that children can and do acquire new response patterns through observation and imitation, without the need for external reinforce ment or even rehearsal or practice. The SurgeonGenerals Advisory Committee on Television and cordial Behavior supported the view that a steady stream of brutality on television can have a powerful adverse effect on our society and particularly on children.This report represents a significant effort to discover the effect television has on children today. Thoughtful researchers have raised such questions as these Are young people who are unusually attracted by the violence and aggres sion on television generally abnormally aggressive personalities themselves? Is it besides those young people who are disordered themselves who tend to imitate or act out the violent acts depicted on television?Does the content of television seriously affect young people s perceptions of the world they live in, its challenges, satisfactions, problems, and values? 528 EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP (6 to 9 p. m. ) of evening prime time for material suitable for the inviolate family to view together. Wiley feels that his recommendati on of such a plan, as Chairman of FCC, does not constitute governmental censorship, since he was only rec ommending voluntary action and making sugges tions for program improvement.He feels the new policy encourages those involved in the industry to develop exciting and worthwhile programswithout the needless concomitant of violent and sexual excess. Wileys speech was criticized by many in his audience, among them Joseph F. Lagana, Super intendent of Northgate School District, Pitts burgh, Pennsylvania and George lannacone, Su perintendent of Vernon Township Public Schools, Vernon, New Jersey. They wrote an opposing view that was published in NASSP Bulletin, January 1977. They felt that the position of the FCC and the Family Viewing Plan are not com patible with the social conditions of our modern society, fragmented families and institutions, andthe post-industrial youth culture. They said that the Family Viewing Plan inaccurately assesses the status of parent-child relationships so that it will have little impact on our youth viewing popula tion. Lagana and lannacone suggest that most par ents are not aware that the Family Viewing Plan exists. They feel that it is erroneous to postulate adults can or want to regulate or monitor tele vision viewing for their children and that parent and youth viewing patterns are often incompat ible because of different interests and schedules and the approachability of several television sets inand outside the home. More fundamentally, they challenge Wileys concept of the role of the FCC as socially irre sponsible because they feel the FCC is the reg ulating arm of our government. It is their recom mendation that the FCC develop a television council composed of educators, legislators, and behavioral scientists to create programs that are compatible with healthy human growth and de velopment. In monitoring television programs beyond the Family Viewing Plan, the FCC is seen as a facilitator and moderator and not as a con trolling agency. The National Citizens Committee for Broadcasting ranked programs according to content of violence. As might be expected the cops and robbers, private eye, and action-packed shows ranked very high.But, surprisingly, The Won derful World of Disney ranked fairly high (more violent than The Blue Knight series) and Donny and Marie was around the middle of the scale, more violent than Happy Days, Executive Suite, or Maude. A Gallup poll found that 71 percent of the public in the United States think television is too violent, yet many of the most violent programs continue to draw the largest number of viewers.The National Observer reported, A lot of peo ple seem to be having it both ways . . . deploring it to the pollsters and enjoying it at home. Most of them will have to turn off TVs gun-play be fore the networks will consider disarmament. Meanwhile, back to the schools. Clearly, they cannot control the total environment of students. Educators are challenged more seri ously than ever before to teach young people to evaluate media more critically and to grow in taste and discrimi nation as they use media in school and at home. The media specialists in the schools should be valuable partners in this endeavor. JTi.

Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical engineering is the study of medical sy stems and the products employ to treat patients. This is used in hospitals and labs by bioreactors. Scientists use this font of engineering to develop fake skin cells for people who see been in a fire, had a deep get up, or a amputation. To maximize the chance of a safe, rifle, and bacteria-free cut. Scientists submit do a pair of socks that govern and monitor diabetic feet and prevent amputations for the patient. It helps cleanse the wound and alcohol is placed in the sock.Fake military man tissue is made in labs and some people have it to cover up burns or deep wounds. This fake tissue is 3D printed and it replicates someones cells and produces them. This replaces stem cells in the form and also helps the body bring round faster and more properly. Patients who have had a side of their body burned have to stay in the hospital for up to six months sometimes even longer depends on the degree of the burn.he fake skin was made for people to help them heal faster and it has saved people from getting amputations. This synthetic skins breaths, operates blood flow and heals just like normal skin. They argon made appear of salt body of water and organic fibers, some prosthetics even have this synthetic skin on them to blend in with someone like its their real arm. This skin helps in research as well, scientists inject diseases into it to see the reactions to tell if its safe for homosexuals. It shadow replace tumor cells once its out, the skin can be placed in the smear to help heal. Regulating protein count and fibers in the body and seeks signs of cancer.Artificial organs are being made in labs to help people who will give off without a transplant and who doesnt have time to wait on doctors to find a doner. Organs-on-a-chip are used to test drugs and help researchers understand how the organ works. The tubes have a vacuum chamber which goes inside the organ and stretches the membrane and expands whi ch can collect up to 50,000 cells. These organs are man-made and people who need transplants can go with the artificial organs instead of waiting for the plane to get in that location.Its used to pump blood through the body to keep all the cells alive, it decreases the impeller bloc shift to help blood flow to the brain. If the organs darts too long, it can lead to infections then it will most likely spread throughout the body to other organs. The other organs would need a transplant as well unless the proper treatment is available at the time.Prosthetics are being made more efficient than ever. Biomedical engineers have made many life enhancing technologies for people who dont have their limbs anymore. in that respect are more prosthetics a than arms and legs, there are fingers, racing blade leg, and even eyes. Approximately 1,000,000 people are deaf in the United States. There are now ears made out of the fake tissue cells and natural rubber that matches the patients skin tone .They look just like a real ear and it has a hearing aid in the c project of it to help the patient hear. It helps as a appearance and aesthetics just like a fake eye, its hard to tell that the ear is fake. Implants are available as well, the prosthetic is made from a silicone mold of the patients ear to fit them just right. A very small amount of nip gum is applied at the base and the middle of the ear to get it to stay attached to the patients face.Farmers use pesticides to keep bugs and beasts away that might eat their crops. If an animal eats a part of the crops then the raiseer just lost that profit. Farmers want to do everything they can to keep their crops from bugs. Some pesticides are illegal in the U.S, they are toxic and sometimes they can release toxic fumes into the air that we breathe. Pesticides do more than harm pests, they can be dangerous for the human who consumes them.The symptoms of pesticides are nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, headaches, dizziness, and ev en death if the poison is in your bloodstream for too long. They also damage the richness of the soil, so by farmers using pesticides on their crops they are hurting their sales in the long run. The soil will lose its nutrients from the poisoning and then water erosion happens which washes away the soil particles devising it just plain dirt. Adding more soil to the dirt will not help out the nutrients, it cant compensate for the loss of nutrients in the topsoil.Farmers using GMOs to help their farm animals grow larger so they can sell more product is not illegal. Many farmers use them and GMOs allow them to place unnatural chemicals that sack the provender taste better so consumers will buy more of their product. Farmers are altering genetic material to produce artificial organisms. GMOs can be used in plants just like animals, in plants it helps them grow faster to produce more to sell.It helps the food the plants make taste better by altering its deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA is extracted from sweet alyssum which plant grows the fastest. Scientist take that trait and create GMOs for their plants so they can grow faster. GMOs arent dangerous to humans unless there are pesticides used on the plants to keep the bugs away. Scientists cross-breed these organisms in labs with bacteria and virus genes. A bonus to genetically altered food is longer shelf life, they are better for the consumer, and it takes less prop to grow more food.Biomedical technology helps scientists find cure for diseases like smallpox, rinderpest, polio, yaws, and malaria. Biomedical engineering helps scientists understand how to cure diseases and create a cure for a disease unknown to mankind faster. Biomedical engineers are now closer than ever before to finding a cure for cancer, reporters say it will take about some other five to ten years before they actually finish and perfect the cure.They are trying to use heat radiation to vote down the cancerous cell through the body without Chemo or an incision. Another widespread disease that affected a lot of people across the world is malaria. Malaria is a plasmodium parasite transmitted by the bit of a mosquito. This disease started from Sub-Saharan countries in Africa, its hot there so the bugs are abundant. Mosquitos traveled from that field of force to all across the world carrying the disease.The cure was developed by Charles Louis Lavern on November 6, 1880. Back then, there wasnt many cures for disease just medicine to help control it. That was a long time ago and thanks to biomedical engineering, scientists can develop cures much faster and efficient such as someone interpreted the cure will most likely never get that disease again.Biomedical engineering helps healthcare. It produces more accurate equipment used in hospitals and on animals. health care is so much more advanced now than it used to be, when babies or animals get their shots there didnt used to be any back then. They would just have to go wit hout them and thats why disease was so rapidly growing, because there wasnt many cures but now everything is different.Even simple procedures like getting a cut or a burn required special attention and days of preparation to get better. Now they just give out stitches and anti-bacterial cream to clean it. All of us as a nation have came so far and within time, scientists will discover more and more treatments and cures.There are cures now using antimicrobials to kill microorganisms to stop their growth and to stop the spreading throughout the body. They are injecting good organisms into the body to kill off bad organisms that make someone sick. The earliest type of microorganisms were Penicillin, Salvarsan, and Prontosil and they were one of the biggest scientific advantages of all time.This was a new level of medical care, Pharmacists could only progress and discover more medicines. There are now antimicrobials in hand soaps and Hand Sanitizers which is available on the go. Agents such as bacteria, mildew, and mold that are used to make the organisms in the medicine.The adjuvant microbes come into contact with the surface and penetrate the cell blocking the harmful microbe to kill off and to limit the cell from growing and spreading from another part of the body. Anti Microorganisms work in the way similar of insecticides and fungicides because of how they disinfect, sanitize, and protect against infections.Peptidoglycan layers act as a spine to a cell and it allows in nutrients to enter the cell like acids and sugars. Vitamins can not enter the cell so the bacteria trapped in the cell must make its own. Cell utilisation is alter genetic human cells

Adoption And Foster Care In California

With the advent of societal changes the gets of kidren in harbor c atomic number 18 has risen, as check the complexness of their problems. In Califoronia, approximately 100,000 children are in out-of- planetary house place workforcet with enkindleal substance scream the most habitual dry land for entry (California Department of affable Services, 7).A study by Lewis and associates (1995) reported the number of drug unfastened infants entering promote trade increased 3000% from 1981 to 1993 in Los Angeles County. Takayama and colleagues (1998) reported that nearly 80% of the children entering bring up care in San Francisco Country had a substance abusing parent and everywhere 90% of infants entering boost care were prenatally drug exposed.Foster explains that perniciously addictive crack cocaine and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have largely been amenable for dramatic increases of children with health cerebrate problems being placed in surrogate care (Foster, 11) . Children whose parents abuse intoxicant and drugs are almost three condemnations more likely to be abused and more than quatern times more likely to be neglected (Foster, 14).Another factor increasing foster care race is the reductions in social offbeat benefits, which have shown a relationship to increases in child abuse and neglect referrals (Childrens disproof Fund, as cited in Freundlich, 2000).According to the Childrens Defense Fund (as cited in Freundlich, 2000), child abuse and neglect referrals went up 12% when the families welfare benefits were reduced 2.7%. These same Los Angeles County figures showed an increase the following year of 20% referrals when benefits were reduced by 5.8%.Many children are placed in child protective custody because of neglect (Foster, 29) with the second most common reason being physical abuse, but in a number of fountains children enter foster care because of reasons related to poverty. Finally, the welfare mandatory work requirements for benefits with scarce provisions for child care exacerbates the tensions that a single parent faces.With the 5-year lifetime welfare cap and a 20% reduction in the Food Stamp course of instruction many families will not be able to sustain a safe and stable planetary house. In response to these reductions and pressures, more children may enter into the protective care and stay longer.In addition to reduced income, round families with disablight-emitting diode children stand to lose their Supplemental Security Income, due to tighter eligibility requirements (Freundlich, 35). In all, there are twice as many children entering the child welfare system as there were 20 long time ago (Foster, 35).Adoption in some multifariousness has been used to help families since recorded history. A common form of informal adop tion utilized in colonial America was to bind children to a family for the purpose of culture a trade (Hacsi, 164).Later, orphan asylums were operated to feed and hous e poor and parentless children (Foster, 41). Extreme poverty led some families to place-out their own children until they became economically viable family again (Hasci, 165). These informal adoption measures were gradually replaced as a new professionalism in child welfare began.The growing involvement of affirm and federal curbment in child welfare and the establishment of the juvenile apostrophize system in 1900 altered and greatly increased the numbers of state wards (Hasci, 172).California led the way in 1915, by regulating and licensing placement home agencies and in 1920, started making payments for out of home care for those declared needy by the juvenile court (Hasci, 172).California state government encouraged adoption rather than boarding-out because it saved money and cut ties to biological parents who were purpose of as being morally delinquent (Hasci, 173).Depression era funding created Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) with the goal of retentivity children in the h ome by supporting impoverished families (Hasci, 173). The role of government continues to dictate child welfare policies based on prevailing societal attitudes and current research.During the 1960s, federal foster care funding and the denudation of the battered child syndrome combined to further change the dynamics of child welfare. Child protection against abuse became a nationwide concern and there was money in the coffers to fund a foster care system (Foster, 47).Money, awareness, and mandatory reporting laws increased foster care rolls from 300,000 in 1962, to 500,000 in 1977 (Foster, 49). Numerous laws have been passed to organize and encourage adoption rates. Originally the Adoption financial aid and Child Welfare Act of 1980 was enacted to set-back an unintended consequence of foster care.Moving from one foster home to another repeatedly exacerbated the adjustment and explainmental problems of children already exposed to unstable and unsafe home environments. It was hoped that this law would expedite reunification efforts while slowing spile foster drift by encouraging preventative strategies.Currently, adoption policy guided through electric chair Clintons 1997, Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) focuses on a parallel approach which emphasizes reunification and permanency options simultaneously. Parents who are unavailing or unwilling to aggressively pursue reunification dictates will lose parental rights however, much less time is wasted because of the joint approach and, therefore, children gain permanent homes sooner (Foster, 55).Although it seems logical now to encourage foster parents to adopt their foster children, affectionate ties were disapprove and sanctioned by many court cases (Stephens, 1992). Prior to 1974 two-thirds of the states, including California, discouraged adoption by foster parents (Meezan, & Shireman, 14).Information had been postulated too regarding the deleterious effects of a lack of permanence in childrens format ive years. As early as 1952, researchers Bowlby and Robertson discovered and described the three phases of protest, despair, and detachment that an infant or toddler will display when separated from their affectionate care giver and by 1969, Bowlby had published the first off of three volumes about the immenseness of early and consistent attachment.However, the dissemination of this important finding was not significantly applied to practice until Congress passed the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, thereby recognizing the importance of permanency placement (Katz, 220).In December 1996, President Clinton directed the US Department of Heals and Human Services (DHHS) to develop strategies to achieve permanency more quickly for children in the foster care system and effigy the number of adoptions to 54,000 by fiscal year 2002. information available at the current moment showed that while the number of children in foster care increased from 242,000 in 1983 to almos t 500,000 in 1995, the number of adoptions of children in out of home care stayed between 17,000 to 20,000 during this same period (Maza, 445).Clintons directive, disseminated by DHHS as Adoption 2002 A reply to the Presidential Executive Memorandum on Adoption made two important recommendations (1) States were to develop plans to double their adoptions and set annual targets for the adoptions to be finalized through 2002 and upcoming years (2)States would be give backed with an annual financial grant for each adoption finalized over the baseline number of adoptions (Maza, 449). Subsequently, the Adoption and Safe Families Act was passed and disbursements to child welfare agencies were authorized to increase the number of children adopted.It qualified a state to receive $4,000 for each adoption over the baseline of previous years and an additional $2,000 for each adoption finalized with a Title IV-E Adoption Assistance agreement (an additional payment for children with special ne eds) (Maza, 450).Medical, behavioral, developmental and educational (if appropriate) assessments are necessary to finalize an adoption. These assessments are confidential and are kept in the childs record to document appropriate and mandated care. In San Francisco County and Los Angeles County, HIV screening is also a routine part of medical assessment for at-risk children in foster care.In 1996, the California state Department of Social Services formed the Adoption Policy Advisory Council to reexamine adoption policies in California. The council created the Concurrent Planning Workgroup to develop and implement a model of concurrent think as part of this effort (Williams, 18).This group assisted in developing Assembly Bill 1544, which became state law effective January 1, 1998, as Chapter 793, Statutes of 1997. Chapter 793 requires that a concurrent plan be developed for every child entering out-of-home care. Concurrent planning is a well-known approach to facilitating timely pe rmanency for children in foster care.The concurrent plan names the childs permanency alternative to reunification adoption, guardianship, or emancipation and describes the services necessary to achieve this if reunification fails.Chapter 793 also explicitly clarified that certain concurrent planning activities -placement in a fost-adopt home, detailing services necessary to achieve legal permanence for child if reunification fails in the case plan, or providing such services concurrently with reunification efforts could not, in and of themselves, be evidence of a ill luck to go away reasonable efforts.The law did not require that the permanent plan be pursued concurrently with the reunification plan. When reunification appears likely, concurrent planning services may consist of reassessing the familys situation in 90 days (Williams, 19). Chapter 793 also added a section to the Welfare and Institutions code requiring the court to query the birth induce at an early hearing rega rding any presumed or alleged fathers.The court is subsequently responsible to provide hearing notice to all alleged fathers, with a paternity determination required of all men who respond. The hope is to avoid delays due to birth fathers surfacing at termination of parental rights hearings and requesting parental rights and services, or objecting to termination of parental rights (Williams, 21). The California law also requires that the case plan describe whether the parent was aware of the option of relinquishment.WORKS CITEDFreundlich, M. Adoption and ethics The market forces in adoption. Washington, DC ChildWelfare League of America, 2000California Department of Social Services, Data Analysis and Publications Branch, 2000Foster, L. K. Foster care fundamentals An overview of Californias foster care system.California Research Bureau, California State Library, 2001Hacsi, T. From indenture to family foster care A brief history of child placing. ChildWelfare, 74, 162-181, 1995Meezan , W., & Shireman, J. Care & commitment. Albany, New York State University ofNew York Press, 1985Katz, L. legal permanency planning for children in foster care. National Association ofSocial Workers, 220-226, 1990, MayMaza, P.L. Using administrative date to reward agency performance The case of the federalAdoption Incentive Program. Child Welfare, 79(5) 444-456Williams, L. Concurrent planning implementation guide. Sacramento, CACaliforniaDepartment of Social Services, 2001

Person centred planning Essay

It is important that a person is always the decoct of planning there decisions and wishes for the time to come and you should always use a person centred approach when dealing with an individual. For example if a resort was explaining a course of treatment to a certain individual and you could see that the individual did non come across what the revivify was telling them but the carer assumed it would be OK to let the doctor carry on and just explain the the individual later on. Where in fact you should of stopped to ask that individual if the understood and if not then ask the doctor to explain himself in a different way were they may understand more.This then includes the individual and gives them the ability to ask questions and decided what decisions they may want because they would be in the centre of their testify care. If you was to wait until the individual was home to explain what the doctor was saying then they may of do the wrong choices in which path they wanted t o go in simply because they did not realise what the doctor was saying and could therefore become distressed by this. For example if the individual was to agree to a sheath of treatment which goes against there values and beliefs but because the carer did not explain what the doctor meant they may not of know what they were agreeing to. where as by getting the doctor the explain in a understanding form for them marrow that they could find out all the information they need to make decisions and come away happy lettered that they fully understand what they have chosen to do.This is why person centred planning is so important because it mean the individual is in charged of what they want and it makes them less distress knowing that they can make their own choices and they are being listened too and they are valued as a person.

Operational management Essay

1. Viking fasten Machines ltd, a large play along, was engaged in manufacturing and marketing household sewing machines including electronic models and low priced mechanical models. Sale of domestic sewing machines was declining solely over the world in view of the increasing popularity of readymade garments produced by companies using industrial sewing machines. At this stage in that location was a change in the ownership of Viking in 1997, when the CEO resigned and a young CEO took charge. Under his leadership, Viking considered the following mission statements for the friendshipa. To develop, produce, market and sell sewing machines and related products which put forward the joy of creative sewing b. To be consumer driven company ensuring growth, profitability and success by providing spiffing satisfaction to the consumers and our dealer partners by continuously adding grade to the Viking brand c. To be recognized as the track premier sewing machine company in the world and d. To expand our blood line by creating bring for more creative uses of sewing. Which one of the above mission statements should the company adopt and why?Answer every(prenominal) business had to be managed and operated with a long term seted goal. So, they need to forecast about the upcoming in store(predicate) of the company and that forecasting should be done in such a way so that it seat be more effective and efficient for the organization in the long run. Here, the competitors had already beat the Viking Sewing Machine ltd. So to stay in the free-enterprise(a) market, Viking Sewing Machine ltd should adopt such a policy so that they can be sustainable in the market. Therefore, in order to be sustainable Viking Sewing Machine ltd should follow the second mission statement to be a consumer driven company ensuring growth, profitability and success by providing superior satisfaction to the consumers and our dealer patter and by continuously adding value to the Viking Brand .Because, consumers are the key assets for every company. When consumers ordain be satisfied with the product they necessitate purchased, they themselves will repeatedly buy the products and they will promote the product by themselves to their close persons. Thus the company would gain round valued nodes which will help them to be stable in the market. Again, when Viking willmaintain a wide relation to their dealers (supply chain management is very important for every organization), they will be very joyful for working with such a company. They will in any case be loyal with the company and will do for the onward motion of the company always.2. For more than ten social classs till 1995, Laboni stores ltd was successfully running a a derive of retail stores selling cosmetics and skin care products. From 1996, sales were stagnating and now after a year had started declining. The general manager of the company made enquiries from stores in charge at various locations of store s. All of them report that ladies, particularly the younger generation, were lay out to be highly discriminating about choice of products. Demand for accredited branded items widely fluctuated due to movie artists preferences shown on the TV. Also there is a marketed tendency to agree quality with rice. The general managed decided to have environmental analysis carried out with a focus on changes in social and cultural factors among urban ladies On that basis he even thought of recommending to the mount of directors a complete change in the product lines to be decided.Do you think the GM was veracious in his approach regarding environmental scanning? What different factors in the environment ask analysis? If there was a clear change in tastes and preferences of buyers of certain products, is it essential for the company to switch over to a different product line?AnswerEvery organization in the world needs to stipulate their business model in some context. When the demand for their products starts to decline due to the change in tastes and preferences of their customers and their competitive pressure keep increasing, they should grab a new policy for their company just to be sustaining in the competitive market. Here, considering the above mentioned fact, I would judge that yes, the general manager was right in his approach regarding environmental scanning of the product. Because by scanning the environment, the company would able to know the actual demand of their products and some other factors which are hampering their market such as the quality of their competitors product, what new demand exist inthe market, what their customer wants, which innovation should they bring . As there was a clear change in the tastes and preferences of their customers of certain products, the company should switch over to a different product line based on the results they have found from the scanning of the environment.3. Avik industries ltd was a family owned conglome rate with diversified business activities including consumers durables, switchgears, batteries and both toilate and washing soapes. For a number of years the company prospered with growth in volumes and market share. But its performance had setback in 1999, when the crystallise margins in switchgears, the most profitable product, declined from 12 to 11%, while in consumer durables it had halved to 6%, the batteries business was under pressure, and the ailing soaps variant had just started looking up. The chief executive of the switchgear unit observed that the results would have been worse but for the focus on operational efficiency.For years, Avik had been organized along four divisions as independent profit centres. Except for HR and finance, all other functions were decentralized. The advantage was that each of the businesses had a strong focus. It also facilitated customer focus. The flipside was that divisions became insular and inward looking. Each division had its own ad b udget even degage ad agencies. The sales force was pushed to look at short term product promotions in the baptistry of competitive pressure. The cost of sales was rising much faster than rate of growth in sales. It seemed divisional autonomy had been pushed too far down the line.Should the divisional set up be disbanded? Or, should the divisions be converted into SBUs and spun off into separate companies? Is there any other alternative structure possible?Answer decentalisation makes all individual more creative as their determinations get more valued from the top direct of the organization. So they get more encouraged to take all the decisions of the company very carefully as they know that they will be treated well for a better decision in future. directlyconsidering the mentioned fact, my suggestion would be neither the divisional set up should be disbanded nor a single division should be converted in to separate companies.Rather,Avik industries ltd should disbanded their deci sion of decentralizing their all other departments. I would say that the decentralization would be very better for the company. And altogether, the SBUs must be added into all their separated departments. Henceforth, the decentralization will allow all other departments to make their own decision and the SBUs will put all the education of the organization from all the separated departments together. Thus, the management board and all others can look for every decision of their organization that had taken in separated departments and would be able to make any correction if they needed in future. So, the decision would mostly come from the top level of the company which will bring the betterment for the company.

Is Macbeth a true tragic hero? Essay

Amongst on the whole of Shakespe bes tragedies, Macbeth is the most inconsistent and fragmented. equivalent the mental state of the lifter, the tragic structure of the play is in disarray from the very onset. According to Aristotle, all tragedies must follow a certain set of referenceistics, and the most important of these is the strawman of a tragic hero. This tragic hero must possess a tragic speck, or hamartia, which is a good timberland taken to such an extreme that it now exhibits dissipated behaviour from the hero. He must besides overhear sympathy of his plight from the audience. Macbeth, although the protagonist, is non a tragic hero because he does not possess this hamartia. This prodigious absence of a crack leads to his actions beingness without justification, drawing no sympathy from the audience. Because noblewoman Macbeths chouse for Macbeth acts as a tragic flaw by in conclusion bringing about her downfall and extracting a great amount of sympathy from the audience, she exhibits attributes to a greater extent tragically heroic than Macbeth.Macbeth is the protagonist of Macbeth because the play is inexorably tied to his actions. A protagonist is defined as the leading character of a literary work. In Shakespe arean tragedies, the protagonist must also be from the nobility and possess exceptional character and vitality. atomic number 53 need not look farther than the title to determine Macbeths importance in the play. turn the title does not necessarily provide fair judgement of content, Shakespeare has an uncanny habit of titling his tragedies with the name of the protagonist Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, Julius Caesar and Othello are examples.As the play commences, farther evidence of Macbeths importance is apparent by the witches subject in the very first scene There to meet with Macbeth (I.i.7). It is for Macbeth that they will gather upon the heath, and he upon whom their efforts will be focused. In the next scene, Macbeths nobility is confirmed through Duncans god-fearing O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman (I.ii.24). The exclamatory nature of this sentence testifies Duncans affiliation with, and eminent regard for, Macbeth. After the victorious battle, Ross describes Macbeth as Bellonas bridegroom (I.ii.54), an allusion meaning the husband of the Goddess of War, thus establishing him to be of exceptional character and vitality. Macbeths role as the protagonist is therefore legitimized through others perception of him and his own noble character.While Macbeth is the protagonist and therefore meant to be the tragic hero, the glaring absence of a tragic flaw in his character prevents his recognition as thus. A tragic flaw must be a good quality taken to such an extreme that it now exhibits immoral behaviour. Macbeth has m any(prenominal)(prenominal) flaws, a hunger for power and a belief of superiority among them, yet nvirtuoso of these are tragic flaws because they do not shake up the for ce to be virtuous qualities. This leaves ambition and visual modality as the main competitors. Ambition cannot be Macbeths tragic flaw because he recognizes it in his confusion soliloquy even before he kills DuncanI have no spurTo prick the sides of my intent, but onlyVaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself,And travel on the other. (I.vii.25-28)When gentlewoman Macbeth questions Macbeths intentions right aft(prenominal) the deliverance of this soliloquy, the recognition of his ambition leads him to a fateful We will proceed no further in this business (I.vii.31).The reason he later kills Duncan is because dame Macbeth appeals not to his ambitious nature, but to his pride. She accuses him of being a coward in his own esteem (I.vii.43) and weak in manliness you would/Be so much more the man (I.vii.50-51). It is not ambition, but a weakened pride and an inbred impulse to unquestioningly follow his wife that leads Macbeth to finally commit the deed that ultimately brings about h is downfall. Yet pride is also not his tragic flaw because it does not spur any of his other great crimes. While pride triggers, but is not the cause of, Macbeths downfall, an active imagination is not the tragic flaw because it merely serves as an instrument to illustrate that a character is in a confused state of mind. Macbeth is self-doubting all through the first three acts of the play in his lines following(a) the witches initial prophecies, he states Come what come may (I.iii.146), portraying his lack of wilful decisiveness.Yet subsequently the witches second set of prophecies, he takes decisive measures to crown his thoughts with acts (IV.i.149), and his imagination vanishes. Similarly, skirt Macbeths first literary argument of Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be/What thou art promisd (I.v.15-16) establishes her steely resolve. She is practical and untroubled by any visions. When she realizes the extent of the damage she has caused, however, her imagination takes fu ll reign. In the sleepwalking scene, she is depicted as a low-spirited figure,tormented by imaginative hallucinations. In both cases, imagination comes along when the character is in a inconvenience oneselfly state of mind therefore, imagination, like ambition, is not Macbeths tragic flaw, testifying that Macbeth does not possess one and therefore is unrecognizable as a tragic hero.Macbeths lack of such a flaw deems all his heinous actions without justification, and as a result, draws no sympathy from the audience. The blame for his lapse in character can be placed upon nonentity but his own non-tragic flaws. He is depicted as a cowardly man he kills Duncan because of his inability to make decisions for himself Banquo out of paranoia our fears in Banquo/stick deep (III.i.49-50) he says, before ordering the murderers to kill his former friend and Lady Macduff and her son out of spite his dependable quarrel is with Macduff, however as he realizes that the nobleman has escaped his clutches, he proceeds to give to the bump into o the sword/Macduffs wife and his babes (IV.i.151-152). Macbeths central desire, the want to safely be king, is born of nothing more than despicable cowardice. The audience gets a sense of this despicability in Macbeths character for the first time through the witches mention of him There to meet with Macbeth (I.i.7).By associating him with the witches so early, Shakespeare foreshadows Macbeths later affiliation with them. Lady Macbeth recognizes cowardice and ineptitude in Macbeth she calls him Infirm of purpose when he is unable to carry out the program of killing Duncan to her perfection. It seems that Shakespeare attempts a sympathy-inducing endeavour through Macbeths Will all great Neptunes marine wash this fall/Clean from my hand? (II.ii.60-61). This attempt backfires however, because instead of showing Macbeth in a penitent light, the irrepressible imagery of blood only serves to farther exemplify the wrongs he has wrought a nd how disastrous they are to his moral being.As the plot furthers, Macbeths crimes pile up, from belittlement, to hypocrisy, to bare-faced lying, and finally to treacherous murders. Even in purification he is despicable his first words upon realizing the truth about the witches are Accursed be that applauder that tells me so (V.viii.17), cursing others instead of himself for the dreadful deeds he has committed. This is not pitiful, but repulsive. These crimes all grow from the regicide at the beginning, and since thisfirst terrible crime lacked purpose, the others do so too.From the very onset, Lady Macbeth is sharply contrasted with Macbeth because she possesses this purpose, determined forward by her cognize for Macbeth. This love is her tragic flaw because it leads to her ultimate downfall. She does not want Macbeth to be king because of some ulterior motive she wants it for his benefit. Nowhere in her first soliloquy, in which she speaks to herself and need not hide her tr ue thoughts, does she mention the want of greatness for herself instead, she refers to Macbeth and says, Thou wouldst be great (I.v.18) and Thou ldst have the crown (I.v.22), proving her loyalty to Macbeths cause for his sake. She proceeds then to call upon spirits/That tend on soul thoughts (I.v.40-41) to rid her of all kindness, gentleness, sensitivity, sweetness, and pity that accompanies her womanly nature, all the better to kill Duncan.This is not a diminutive sacrifice on her part, as seen later through the repercussions it has on her conscience. After Macbeth becomes king and begins isolating Lady Macbeth, the once resolute woman is portrayed as a powerless being, unable to survive without the husband that once loved but now alienates her why do you keep alone? (III.ii.8) she asks him after having to involve a meeting to speak with him. During the banquet, she is seen to jeopardize her reputation as a graceful hostess to hold dear Macbeth Stand not upon the order of your going,/But go at once (III.iv.85), she says to the noblemen. It is Lady Macbeths catastrophe that she sacrifices so much for the love of a husband that will not confide in her anymore, and this love is much more sorrowful than the alleged tragedy of Macbeth, which is born from his cowardice.Because her tragic flaw is something pure and good, her end is so heartbreaking, so utterly tragic, that it draws an unequalled amount of audience sympathy. The infamous Sleepwalking Scene, the last presence of Lady Macbeth in the play, shows that she has reached the very bottom of the pit of tragic downfall that she started falling down at the beginning of Act III. It is a reflection of her mental and emotional state that she speaks in prose instead of iambic pentameter in this entire scene. While Macbeth, previously occupied by horrible hallucinations, has now dulled his ability for feeling horror, Lady Macbeth has done the opposite. This role-reversalleaves her in a state of severe trauma, e xposing her inner thoughts and feelings. The gentlewomans words of This is Lady Macbeths very guise, and, upon my life, fast asleep (V.i.20-21) depict Lady Macbeths trauma as being so great that she cannot escape it even in sleep. This is decidedly more sympathy-inducing than Macbeth, who, the last we saw of him, had say the brutal murders of an innocent lady and her unguarded son (IV.i.150-154). While Macbeth seems intent upon bloodying his hands remorselessly at every opportunity, it is ironic that Lady Macbeth vigorously rubs her hand to get them rid of Duncans blood It is an prone action with Lady Macbeth, to be seen thus washing her hands (V.i.29-30).This irony excites audience pity for Lady Macbeth as she is all the way disillusioned and has reached her tragic recognition much earlier and more genuinely than Macbeth does. The imagery of blood that is present throughout the play now reaches a climax as well Lady Macbeths obsession with her figuratively blood-stained hand is revealed through her anguished cry of Out damned spot (V.i.35) she rhetorically asks, Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him? (V.i.39-40), then notes that the smell of the blood (V.i.50) is still rampant.This blood symbolizes the guilt that she is burdened with, even years after the murder she helped orchestrate, contrasted with the remorselessness of Macbeth. The gentlewoman, innocent of the crime her lady has committed, still says, I would not have such a heart in my bosom for the dignity of the whole body (V.i.54-55). It can be deduced that the status-deprived gentlewoman does not wish to have the status of a queen if it means feeling the sorrow of Lady Macbeth. This clearly illustrates that our heroine, the true tragic character of the play, is very broken, only because of the great love she has for her husband. Love is not a crime, and this makes her predicament all the more sympathetic.Macbeth is clearly a tragedy, yet it is tragic more because of the role of Lady Macbeth than that of Macbeth himself. The love that propels her change from a strong, sensible character to one overwrought with guilt is much more tragic than Macbeths character change, propagated by his cowardice and incompetence. In a play about disorder and ambiguity, where fair is foul and foul is fair (I.i.11), it is only fitting that the role of the tragichero is also clearly ambiguous. It seems that Shakespeare involved himself so much in creating perfect ambiguity that he let the tragic structure of the play become quite ambiguous as well.BibliographyAgnes, Michael, ed. Websters New World College Dictionary. fourth ed. Foster City IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., 2001.Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Mississauga Canadian School Book Exchange, 1996.