Constitution Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Constitution - Term Paper Example It was a monetary and social institution.On this note, an assortment of social liberties development emerged to advocate for the abolishment of servitude, and acknowledgment of the dark individuals as Citizens of United States of America2. This would permit them to appreciate more prominent opportunity and correspondence that exuded from popular government. Different revisions were made to the American constitution were made to annul bondage, and supporter for the privilege of each American resident to cast a ballot. In 1865, the thirteenth amendment perceived the idea of characteristic opportunity, and canceled slavery.The fourteenth amendment spelt out the capabilities of a resident, and spelt out their privileges and freedoms. The Fifteenth amendment was sanctioned in 1870, and it gave all American the option to cast a ballot, independent of race, religion or color.On this note, the American arrangement of vote based system is named as the sacred majority rules system. Constitutio naldemocracy is consistently dependent upon the standard of law. The chosen agents of the individuals must exercise power3, basing on the necessities of the law, which on most events, advocates and ensures the privileges of individuals, and their opportunity. On this note, the Judiciary, and specifically the United States Supreme Court assumes a significant job in guaranteeing that the just procedure of United States of America holds fast to the law. For the situation Baker versus Carr, the court made a significant decision with respect to the exclusive one vote framework. This paper looks at the significance of this decision in advancing the standards of majority rules system and established principle in United States of America. This paper sees that, the decision was significant in advancing majority rule government and directing the conduct of the American political framework. This paper dissects the case, recognizes significant components for the situation, which identify with a dvancing vote based system in the State. This paper additionally takes a gander at the different cases that the legal executive used to the case to comprehend. Pastry specialist versus Carr, is a 1962 choice by the Supreme Courtthat chose the qualification of the Federal and State governing body in making new democratic zones4. The respondent, for the situation contended that, the ideas of redistricting, is a policy centered issue, and subsequently the legal executive doesn't have the power to mediate. The Judiciary just mediates on legitimate issues, and not policy centered issues. As indicated by the case, the Tennessee State Constitution advocate for the re-drawing of authoritative regions after at regular intervals. The reason for this was to similarly appropriate the residents of an area. The offended party, Mr Baker contended that re-districting the regions added up to a break of his established right of equivalent insurance, as pushed by the Fourteenth amendment. Nonetheless, the State of Tennessee made a barrier contending that re-districting is a political procedure, and the legal executive doesn't have a position to manage a political process5.However, the United Supreme Court decided that the choice by Tennessee to permit re-districting after like clockwork was unlawful, and it penetrated the privilege of balance as upheld for under the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause. On this note, the state needed to re-region dependent on the quantity of voters, instead of the size of the region. This case,

Historical Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Authentic Literature - Essay Example Malamund’s story tells just one of the numerous battles among legacy and what is acknowledged by society. Throughout history numerous individuals have been abused and constrained into accommodation by a greater all the more socially acknowledged culture. Jewish religion has consistently met with mistreatment from the beginning of time, yet shockingly while the Jewish are the most notable, they are by all account not the only ones who have needed to persevere through the existence destroying influences of an attacking people and culture greater than their own. History is loaded with accounts of individuals who were viewed as second rate by overcoming societies. The Jew Bird subtleties the pulverization of a culture overpowered by a bigger population’s desires and thoughts with regards to the manner in which an individual should carry on with their life. Malamund utilizes Cohen for instance of what each Jewish American acknowledges and fears will happen to their way of life and their method for living. Cohen has overlooked the manners in which that he used to live. His method for living has been so totally modified that he doesn't perceive a genuine Jew when he sees one, and when interrogated regarding Jewbird he says,† Poor flying creature, my butt. He is a saucy knave. He thinks he is a Jew† (Malamund 738). Cohen has gotten harsh and tired of life and rejoices because of anything. For instance, when Jewbird goes to his entryway requesting nourishment, rather than generous welcoming him into his home and offering him nourishment and solace as Jewish culture recently excused, he cruelly attempts to dismiss him by saying, This aint an eatery (Malamund 738). He wouldn't like to assist or give anybody noble cause in light of the fact that nobody did that for him while his kin were being aggrieved by the Nazis and being execu ted by the thousands. The nearness of Jewbird in the story gives the peruser a stinging token of how awesome the Jewish culture used to be and how horrendously obliterated it became. The complexity among Jewbird and Cohen is so solid. While Cohen wont make a special effort for anybody, Jewbird Burns through most

Nonprofitable Organizations Essay - 825 Words

Nonprofitable Organizations (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:Non-profitable organizations or non-profit organizations are organizations that use surplus revenue to achieve its missions and goals. I am taking a case study of the RESCUE FOUNDATION which is in Mumbai India. This non-profit organization was started by theÂlate Mr.Balkrishna Acharya where he always attempted to struggle and win against anti-social unjust. He left his studies and joined the Indian Army which Would serve his nation even at a risk to his life. At that point, later, he went over the humble appearances of Unfortunate young ladies who were experiencing damnation in the red light region of Kamatipura in Mumbai and took a chance with his life to recover them.in 1995, a Nepali little young lady was hollering despicably in a dim room, needing to be saved from the barbaric exchange of constrained prostitution. That night he couldn't rest. On the one day from now, likewise he lost his slumber. An individual who was stronger tha n stone, seemed much more fragile than cotton. He was completely shaken. On one side he was encompassed by family, business and public opinion while on the other side a profound established longing for changing the destiny of these deplorable young ladies to encourage any expectation of incorporating with respectable pop culture. He valiantly chose to stroll on a novena way From that day onwards, an unique change came over him. It looked as though he began low maintenance privileged occupation in the red light region of Mumbai and after that he started the rescue foundation.The organization has the mission to ensure that women's human rights are protected, respected and fulfilled. The major function of the organization is that Rescue Foundation is included in diverse exercises for saving, restoring, reintegrating and repatriating the terrible, underprivileged young ladies and kids from hellfire to human culture. HUMAN TRAFFICKING has expected incredible extent in South-East Asia. It is the third greatest unlawful exchange after medications and arms. These pure young ladies and ladies are the casualties of despicable circumstances. Trafficking and prostitution demolishes the physical and mental stature of young ladies/ladies totally. This circumstance is Exploitive as well as Destructive in our general public. Human Trafficking is altogether refusal of human Rights. All exertions must be made to capture such cruel components and reintegrate these unfortunate,underprivileged casualties of trafficking sold disgracefully for constrained prostitution.The organization get their finances from supporters such as:Nepal * MAITI NEPAL * JANA UDDHAR SEVA SAMITEE * SHAKTI SAMUHABangladesh * BNWLA * RIGHTS JESSORE * DHAKA AHSANIAIndia * PRAJWALA (ANDRA PRADESH) * STOP (DELHI) * ODANADI SEVA TRUST (KARNATAKA) * SAATHI (KARNATAKA) * STREE SEVA NIKETAN (ANDRA PRADESH) * GOLD (GLOBAL ORGANISATION FOR LIFE DEVELOPMENT)-(ASSAM) * IMPULSE (MEGHALAYA-SILONG) * JABALA ACTION RESEARC H (WEST BENGAL) * SANLAAP (WEST BENGAL) and moreACTIVITIES OF RESCUE ORGANIZATION.1. Examination checkDefinite examination about vicinity of minor young ladies in a whorehouse and confirmation of the young ladies for whom missing protests are gained either from the folks or from Ngos is exceptionally fundamental before booking the salvage strike. This additionally includes watchful in-bordello directing.2. SalvageOur salvage group joined by police assault the house of ill-repute in late nighttime or night and salvage the real young ladies who are eager to be recovered alongside all the minor young ladies show in the massage parlor. This is an extremely hazardous operation. Regularly the young ladies are persuasively stowed away in concealed cells built in the dividers or roofs of massage parlors. Our group is accomplished in finding such shrouded cells.3. Consideration and Protection

Quitting Was Not An Option For Malcolm X - 918 Words

Quitting was not an option for Malcolm X. Throughout his problematic life, Malcolm had to deal with so many obstacles in his way of success. He faced orphanage at an early age due to his father’s death and mother’s insanity, got caught up in criminal activity and even went to prison because of his actions. When he believed he found his calling in the religious group, the Nation of Islam, he was eventually betrayed by it’s leader, Elijah Muhammad, and was absolutely broken. Anyone in his circumstance would have just given up on life itself, but Malcolm X had the perseverance to do anything he put his mind to and the hardships he faced in life were not going to stop him. Being an orphan is one of the most difficult things a child can go through. Malcolm X lost his father to a suspicious death in 1931 when his body was found laying across the town’s trolley tracks. Police ruled it an accident but Malcolm and his family knew it was from the Black Legion. Losin g your father is always hard, especially on boys because they no longer have a person to guide them to be a genuine man. Two years later X’s mother was enrolled into an insane asylum after having and emotional breakdown over her husband’s death. Shortly after, Malcolm and his siblings were placed in to varies different orphanages. When old enough, Malcolm returned to Boston and started to commit crime. He eventually was convicted of burglary and sentenced to ten years in prison, but what XShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSaddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. IncludesRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pages.................................... 622 SORTING THROUGH THE EVIDENCE....................... 627 SUMMARY............................................................. 631 NOTES.................................................................. 639 x STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Table of Contents SECTION SIX ..............................................................654 Human Resource Evaluation ...................................655 OVERVIEW OF EVALUATION ......................Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPermissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed

Coca Cola - 1499 Words

Coca-Cola Market research Link to case study here Overview: a case study of the Coca-Cola portfolio of products and an examination of new product development. Learning objectives: âž ¢ to identify the existing portfolio of products owned by Coca-Cola âž ¢ to understand the type of market research undertaken by Coca-Cola âž ¢ to understand the Ansoff matrix in relation to Coca-Cola âž ¢ to examine new product development at Coca-Cola. Introduction (9 minutes) Introduce the lesson: you will look at the range of products that Coca-Cola produces and examine the factors involved in new product development. This will involve an analysis of the market research it might use to develop new products. The Coca-Cola company is†¦show more content†¦Coca-Cola describes itself as market oriented. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach (e.g. understand customers and therefore less risk than being product oriented, should enable appropriate marketing. However also need to consider the strengths of the firm and match this to market opportunities i.e. consider asset led marketing). Discuss the factors that determine the value of market research to a firm such as Coca-Cola that is considering a new product launch. 4. Students to read section 6 and produce a flow chart showing the research process used by Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola Market research Questions and Answers What part does market research play in the marketing process? Marketing is the process of anticipating, identifying and meeting customer needs and requirements. Market research is then conducted to find out about these customer requirements through primary and secondary research techniques. How can market research help a company to develop a customer rather than product based approach? A product based approach exists when a company produces a product, which is successful and therefore feels that it does not need to spend much time on marketing. However, by ignoring the wishes of customers, the business fails to move with the times and can get caught up by rivals that do listen to customers and come up with a better offering. Market research is therefore essential to give aShow MoreRelatedCoca cola1196 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines internationally. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is often  referred to simply as Coke or (in European and American countries) as cola, pop, or  in some parts of the U.S., soda. Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominanceRead MoreCoca Cola1381 Words   |  6 Pages Management Theory and Practices Abstract Jacksonville Consulting LLC is a small firm in Jacksonville Fl. In this paper we are using several techniques to do research on the Coca Cola bottling Company. The research is to be used to evaluate the environmental issues and work force diversity of Coca Cola, also strategies and recommendations on these issues will be explored. Introduction: Jacksonville Consulting LLC is a small firm located in Jacksonville Florida. The President of theRead MoreThe Coca Of Coca Cola Company1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company is one of the most famous industries throughout the world. It is known for its main product, Coca-Cola, which was invented in 1886 by John Smith Pemberton. The company has grown tremendously since 1892 when it was bought by Asa Griggs Candler. It has become the world s largest manufacturer, distributer, and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The Coca-Cola Company has been involved with popular music, movies, and commercials forRead MoreCoca Cola1534 Words   |  7 PagesCoca Cola Kalvin Williams MGT/445 August 23, 2010 Mr. Dennis Stroud Coca Cola The Coca Cola Company begins in Jacob’s Pharmacy selling for five cents. Many years have past and the Coca Cola Company remains the leader in beverages, syrups, and non-alcoholic drinks. The following paragraphs will discuss how a complete performance management system and annual performance appraisals at Coca Cola are different and how effective various performance appraisals methods and relevant problems affectRead Morecoca cola969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Coca Cola company is a long standing producer of flavored drinks. They are considered by many to be the original cola drink. The drink was created in 1886 by a pharmacist named John Pemberton. Coca-cola is sold today in over 200 countries and has over 500 brands. The company has sustainability measures in place and believes in philanthropic endeavors. The company offers internships to up-and-coming business students looking for an opportunity to work with one of the largest and most storied companiesRead MoreCoca Cola148 6 Words   |  6 PagesAn Effective Organisational Structure - Coca-Cola Company background The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with nearly 500 sparkling and still brands. Coca-Cola is recognised as the world’s most valuable brand. The company’s portfolio includes 12 other billion dollar brands, including Diet Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Coca-Cola Zero, Vitaminwater, Powerade, Minute Maid and Georgie coffee. Globally, Coca-Cola is the number one provider of sparkling beveragesRead MoreCOCA COLA1422 Words   |  6 Pagesindustry was Coca-Cola. They brought a new revolution in the history of the world. Coca-Cola is the most popular and biggest-selling soft drink in history, as well as the best-known product in the world. Coca-Cola invented in May 1886 by Dr. John S. Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. The name Coca-Cola was suggested by Dr. Pemberton s bookkeeper, Frank Robinson. He kept the name Coca-Cola in the flowing script that is famous today. Coca-Cola was first sold at a soda fountain by mixing Coca-Cola syru p withRead MoreCoca Cola And Pepsi Cola Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesCoca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola are two companies who are control the industry of the soft drink. They are the companies who they have the biggest part in the soft drink market. Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola have four different components of the soft drinks industry value chain. They are concentrate producers, Bottlers, retail chains and suppliers (The Coca-Cola Company V. A. G. Barr Company Ltd,1961) Coca-Cola overview The one of the main company control in the soft drink industry market is Coca-Cola companyRead MoreThe Pepsi Of Coca Cola1476 Words   |  6 PagesHistory Coca-Cola was founded in 1886 by Dr. John S. Pemberton. After creating flavored syrup, he took it to his neighborhood pharmacy where it got mixed with carbonated water. Frank M. Robinson, Dr. Pemberton’s partner and bookkeeper, is credited with naming the beverage Coca-Cola. After a couple years, Dr. Pemberton began selling portions of his business. The majority was sold to Asa G. Candler who decided to expand the product to soda fountains outside of Atlanta, Georgia. From here, he noticedRead MoreThe Advertisement Of Coca Cola Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagespopular way for advertisement. In this essay, I am going to analyze the advertisement of Coca-Cola in visual art perspective. Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink and it was created by a pharmacist named Dr. John Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia in 1886. Originally, it is intended to be a patent medicine. According to the study of inter-brand’s best global in 2015, Coca-Cola was the world s third most valuable brand. Coca-Cola’s advertising has significantly affected American culture, and it is frequently

Human Resource Management for Massive Layoffs- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for Massive Layoffs. Answer: Summary The recruitment market of the GCC has been affected by the unpredictable economy which has caused massive layoffs in many organizations. However, the falling oil prices in my HR department have become an opening to restructure and refocus. A loss of $340 billion in revenue in 2015 Manama (2016) was experienced by the oil exporting countries from the MENA area even though the market is in the process of stabilizing with sluggish investment in the workforce. To respond to such a shift, 40 per cent of organizations in the Middle East is focusing on a restructuring exercise in three main areas namely nationalization, efficiency and budget optimization. Contrariwise, the rapid adjustment in the oil prices in 2014 University of East Anglia (2016) has led to reduced liquidity and a decrease in the demand. The restructuring of the organizational structures has been accompanied with many remarkable implications such as recruitment of middle to senior managers and re-educating the existing emp loyees and reducing the size of some teams. According to Munoz et al. (2011), The HR can assist by reducing the time it takes to the development of managers by empowering the low-level ones. The GDP of Abu Dhabi has also been affected by the disruption of the macro economic; however, the governments are refocusing with the aim of strategizing their response such as Saudi Arabia (Mottaghi, 2015). Challenges The unpredictable economy due to the fall in oil prices will affect my business both internally and externally. The falling in oil prices will lead to massive layoffs due to the decline in GDP within the organization which will have a ripple effect (Iverson and Zatzick, 2011). The business will also face challenges due to the restructuring of the organizational structure as a response to the shaky economy. The restructuring will impact on the overall budget and efficiency of service delivery. Additionally, the reduction in the GDP will directly lower the investment in the workforce. Effects of the challenges on HR Strategies The decision of massive layoffs will result in direct costs which will be incurred as a result, and this can be in the form of severance pay to the outgoing worker and the overtime payment to the remaining employees and the costs incurred for temporary services. Also, the predicted massive layoffs will lead to increased turnover from the senior employees for fear of job security. This will affect the HR strategy of training of employees on customer service because the employee already invested in will be gone. The restructuring have physiological and psychological effect at the individual level of the workers such as uncertainty, identity loss, changes in reporting associations and recruits, all of which affect the performance of the employee and the business as a whole (University of East Anglia, 2016). This will influence the traditional HR strategy of recruitment practice which aims at recruiting the appropriate and qualified employees in respective departments. Such a change may affect the quality of the hired employees which in turn will influence the quality of service delivery (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). The training and organizational development of the business are likely to be affected by the restructuring.(Ashkenas et al., 2015) HR strategies HR strategy for Massive Layoffs Layoff planning and Strategy Identify the issues commonly associated with layoffs through research or previous company experience. Then determine the ways in which the layoff will contribute to the goals of the business in addition to the particular department that require a low-cost structure for profitability. Which personnel should be involved? To determine the employees to be affected by the layoff plan, the considerations should include; inclusion of the line managers in the process, notification of the union leadership of the issue at hand (in situations it exists). Pre-layoff step Necessary prevention of violence guidelines and dispute resolution should be in place, initiate a process of escort of laid off workers. The layoff process and after-math Identify the exact number of employees to be laid off, identify and train the people to respond and monitor the progress, set up clear and accessible communication channels to calm rumours, hire appropriate counsellors, and develop process of informing the affected workers. Initiate an immediate process of discussion with the remaining employees regarding their job safety and organizational commitment towards their work. HR strategy for organizational restructure Restructuring strategies After the business has decided reduce the number of employees due to the nature of the economic market, current labour market and the goals of the company, the HR can achieve this by reducing the number of staff by layoffs, rearranging roles to develop well designed jobs, regrouping work units for the purpose of efficiency. Training and development strategies This includes equipping the remaining employees with skills to undertake the new roles and providing them with opportunities for development in readiness for the future positions in the organization. Recruitment strategies This plan includes the hiring of new workers with multitasking abilities not in the former employees in consideration of the cost benefit analysis. Outsourcing strategies The organization uses external agencies or persons to complete specific tasks which do not require a full time employee Collaboration strategies The business can decide to collaborate with other organization with the aim of sharing the training costs of workers and for exposing their employees to other companies to acquire skills and insight. The primary aim of this strategy is to reduce costs while maximizing benefits. The fluctuations in the market prices of oil directly affect the organizational process and practices which necessitate changes majorly in the areas of nationalization, efficiency and budget optimization. The human resource department is central to such changes for it must act immediately to the evolution while at the same time safeguarding goals of the organization and its competitive position in the market. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/download/31856253/Human_resource_managment_practices.pdf Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., Kerr, S. (2015).The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Retrieved from: https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/download/11576/8189 Iverson, R. D., Zatzick, C. D. (2011). The effects of downsizing on labor productivity: The value of showing consideration for employees' morale and welfare in high?performance work systems.Human Resource Management,50(1), 29-44. Manama, B. (2016, April). Economic Diversification in Oil-Exporting Arab Countries. InAnnual Meeting of Arab Ministers of Finance. Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/~/media/Websites/IMF/imported-legacy sidebar/external/np/pp/eng/2016/_042916.ashx Mottaghi, L. (2015). MENA Economies Hit by Conflicts, Civil Wars, and Lower Oil Prices. Munoz Castellanos, R. M., Salinero Martn, M. Y. (2011). Training as a source of competitive advantage: performance impact and the role of firm strategy, the Spanish case.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,22(03), 574-594. University of East Anglia. (2016). Restructuring affects staff well-being regardless of job cuts.ScienceDaily. Retrieved from: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/02/160201220120.htm

Investigation Brief Essay Example

Investigation Brief Essay Last night Mrs Leaf made two loaves of bread, she left them rising for half an hour and found that one rose a lot more than the other.She used the following: -0.5g yeast10cm3 water0.5g sucrose10g flourInvestigate the fact that the leaves rose to different heights.PLANAIMIn this investigation, I will be trying to find out what makes dough rise at different temperatures compared to my preliminary experiment in which I used only one temperature of 40 degrees. I will also try to make my measurements more accurate by taking more care thus leaving me with more accurate and reliable results.APPARATUSThe apparatus that I will be using for the experiment will be the following:10 test tubes3 beakers1 stirring glass rod1 measuring cylinder3 thermometersStop clockSyringeYeast solutionFlour.The apparatus is similar as used in the preliminary experiment except I will be using more test tubes.I will be using two sets of test tubes at five different temperatures of room temperature, ice, 40 degrees, 60 degrees, and 80 degrees, with the same measurement of mixture.For example: I will use 10ml of yeast to 10grams of flour in each test tube. I will then leave each tube at different temperatures of heated water.I will be testing the best temperature for dough to rise three times at the selected temperature so that I know my results are accurate and to make sure it is a fair test.The experiment consists of using dough. In the experiment I will be making the dough only by using yeast + sugar solution (liquid form) and flour. I will now explain thescience behind this experiment of what makes dough rise:The yeast (a single celled fungus) becomes throthy once mixed with water and sugar. It is then mixed with flour and kneaded, thus enabling the flour to develop enough gluten to support the carbon dioxide made by the yeast. The dough is then left in a warm place for an hour. During this time the yeast cells multiply, this is fermentation. The carbon dioxide gas produced by the yeast for ms pockets that makes the dough rise by doubling its size. This process is called proving. The loaf is then heated in an oven. The heat breaks down the yeast and evaporates the alcohol that is present in the yeast. It then cooks the dough leaving a risen loaf.Changing the temperature (condition) might determine on how fast or slow the dough will rise and how much it will rise in mm compared to its original height before heating.If the temperature of the water is higher then the dough will rise more and faster, if the temperature were lower the results would be the opposite. The temperature effects how fast or slow the dough will rise. I will be trying to find out if this hypothesis is true or not in this experiment.METHODFor the experiment we were given yeast solution and flour. The yeast mixture was made up of 0.5g yeast, 10cm cubed water and 0.5g sucrose. I was to use 10g of flour to put in each of the 12 boiling tubes and 10ml of the yeast mixture to make the test fair.We weighed out the flour to exactly 10.0g on weighing scales and measured out exactly 10 ml of the yeast mixture. Our group mixed the two ingredients in each boiling tube with a glass rod putting the same measurements of yeast and flour in each tube. Then, with a yellow pen we marked on each boiling tube the starting height of the dough in mm before putting them in the water baths, we did this so that we could measure in mm at which height the dough rose. We also put labels showing the temperature of which water bath it was to be put in.We controlled the water baths by putting a fixed temperature on each water bath. As soon as we put two boiling tubes in each water bath we started the stop clock. We used a stop clock to make sure that we did a fair test. We left the dough to rise for 30 minutes in the water baths.As soon as 30 minutes passed we took the boiling tubes out and with the yellow pen marked where the dough had risen. I then, with a ruler measured how much the dough rose in mm and t hen put the results in my results table.Compared with my preliminary experiment, I measured the mixture and flour more accurately and carefully. I did this by putting a mm scale on each of the boiling tubes to give me more accurate results .I also took the boiling tubes out of the water baths after exactly 30 minutes, I checked the times on the stop clock. As I have taken more care in this experiment I expect to have more reliable results, which will tell me if the hypothesis is true, or not.Data AnalysisFor my data presentation I showed a variety of graphs and tables. These included the class results, class average results, my own group results, my groups average results and a line graph showing my groups average results and the class average results. I have also included my preliminary results.I decided to do average results for my group results and the class results in case the class results and mine were not exactly accurate. I showed these results in a line graph. It showed tha t the dough rose at its best at 40 degrees for the class average and my groups average, the result for class average at 40 degrees was 5.6cm and for my group average was 6.8 cm. It showed that after 40 degrees the dough did not rise a lot or not at all. The line on the graph started to decrease after 40 degrees. Before 40 degrees, the line graph shows that the dough is steadily rising but not so high. My group and class average line shows that there was not much difference in the results between the classes and mine. The curve of best fit indicates that the dough slowly rises and reaches its highest height at 40degrees and then slowly stops to rise so high.The results will not all be the same for the class and my group as all the other groups may have not measured the mixtures as accurate or took the boiling tubes out at exactly 30 minutes and nor did our group so it is not surprising when seeing the class results that all results showed different figures. This is shown in my class results table that I drew on A4 paper in the data presentation. It shows that the general pattern was the same of the line graphs that I drew out.I also did a table and graph showing the results for the experiment my group did. It shows the results for the two boiling tubes we put in each water bath in the table and line graph. They both show the dough mixture rose best at 40 degrees. I also drew a curve of best fit to clearly show that the height rises as it gets heated till it reaches its optimum height and show the line decreases as the dough denatures (as explained below).The graphs and tables that I have drawn out, all clearly show that the dough rose at its best at 40 degrees compared to other temperatures and their results. This shows that temperature affects the way dough rises, whither it rises at all or rises quickly at high height. But why does temperature affect in which the dough rises? It is because when we raise the temperature the particles get more energy and move a round more faster therefore leading to more collisions in a certain amount of time. The more collisions produce a reaction; in this case the reaction is making the dough rise. However the enzymes (a large protein molecule which acts as a biological catalyst) start to break down when the temperature gets too high as they stop working.This is because when the enzymes get too hot it changes shape. This then means that the substrate (glucose) no longer fits into the enzymes active site. It is said that enzyme has denatured. It is when the yeast no longer consumes the glucose to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide, a process called fermentation. You can see in the graph that the line rises up to 40 degrees as it is heating up until it reaches it optimum height and temperature when the enzymes work at its best. The line then starts to go down which shows that the enzymes have started to denature so the dough does not rise any higher in height than the optimum height.The diagram below shows the enzyme and substrate before it gets denatured, and another diagram showing the enzyme and substrate denatured:EvaluationI think that for this investigation, there was a good range of temperatures as we got good results that enabled me to work through this investigation and to find out at which temperature the dough rose best. I think that doing two repeats for each water bath helped in enabling me to do average results and to see whither my results were reliable by comparing the two results with each other.However there were a few problems in doing the experiment but did not reflect the results and analysing them dramatically. The first problem that I encountered was stirring the mixture. This was because after stirring the glass rod picked up some of the dough mixture so there was not exactly 10ml of yeast mixture and 10g of flour in each boiling tube. Secondly there was the problem in measuring the exact height of the dough when using the yellow pen, as it was hard to see thr ough the dough. Thirdly the timing was not always exact because at times we left for over 30 minutes but only slightly e.g. we left for an extra 20-30 seconds or a minute accidentally. This could have a slight effect on the results because within that 20-30 second period the dough could have rose a little bit more than it would have been at exactly 30 minutes.Those were the only problems that I encountered with in the experiment. My data does not show any errors. I know this as looking at the class average and my average on the line graph, it shows that the results are similar and there are no points that go out of proportion. However in the class results table there was one group the had negative results meaning that the height of the dough decreased after it was heated at the temperatures of 20 degrees and 80 degrees. The group had probably made mistakes in doing the experiment so thats why the results were negative compared to the other groups results.If I were to do this experim ent again I would improve on the mistakes that I have just mentioned and I would do 3trys instead of 2trys so that I am sure of my results and therefore would no that they are reliable. I would also try different temperature of maybe 30 degrees or/and 50 degrees as both degrees are in between the optimum temperature of 40 degrees so either might also be the optimum height and temperature for dough.